Essay --

From the years of 1853 to 1868, the pack of Japan experienced major changes in all aspects of their lives. This era, known as the Bakumatsu signified Japans change from the traditional Edo period to a modernized Meiji dynasty. This change can be attributed to an American naval officer by the name Matthew Calbrath Perry whom ultimately changed the complexity of Japanese culture. In the eyes of an American, Commodore Perry is seen as one of the greatest influential figures in international history. However, what most people dont understand is how the very own citizens of Japan perceived Commodore Perry. There are many ways in which, the Japanese may contain perceived Perry. However, a fascinating aspect to think about is if he was perceived as a hero or a villain. In establish to think about if Commodore Perry was considered a hero or a villain, its important to consider what qualities are involved in these antonymous figures. Villains violate sure moral principles to complete the ir goals, they have a way of making things bend to their own will, and they lead a life of secrets and a...

Ice Cube :: essays research papers fc

OShea Jackson, also know as Ice Cube was born in 1969. He was growing up in South Central Los Angeles. Ice Cubes interest for Rap started showing in high school. Ice Cube went away to capital of Arizona Arizona to study architecture. When He returned he began his raping career.In return to Los Angeles in 1987 He released a few 12 inches with My Posse. He worked with his crew C.I.A , knowledge base Class Wrecking Crew and then the contentious N.W.A. This crew know as N.W.A was The first conclave to bring gangster rap to mainstream. This crew was very triumphant. This crew generated a lot of controversy by the media and their trademark aggressive, chauvinist, homophobic words. They sold millions of albums ,although it was the only album they released together. Ice cube was not happy with the groups management. As a result he quit the N.W.A. In 1989 he moved to New York, there he joined Da Lench Mob. by and by that recorded his solo album 1990s Americas Most Wanted. Ice Cube Produ ced an album for rapper Yo-Yo, Bonnie to his Clyde. He has produced and remixed albums for other artists including K- Dee as sound as Anotha Level. In addition Ice Cube appeared in the popular movie Boyz N The Hood. There are as well other not so popular movies he has appeared in such as the Glass Shield, Trespass, Higher Learning and also the unwatchable Anaconda. Ice Cube In also co-wrote and appeared in Friday. He wrote and produced The Players Club. Finally his number one Pop and R&B charts was Today Was A Good Day. In 1991 his number two shoemakers last certificate went platinum even though it contained an anti-Semitic rant. In 1993s Lethal Injection. Then he formed a group west Connection. He appeared on the Lollapalooza tour.

The Critical Reception of Flappers & Philosophers Essay -- Philosophy

The Critical reaction of Flappers & PhilosophersFlappers and Philosophers served as F. Scott Fitzgeralds initial encore after the considerable success of his first novel, This face of Paradise.1 Fitzgeralds publisher, Scribners, want to have its authors issue utterly-story collections soon after they had published novels the Fall of 1920 offered Fitzgerald, as well as the publishing firm, a unique opportunity to twain reinforce and, hopefully, expand the writers popular appeal.2 Fifteen of his stories had been previously published or accepted for future publication when Fitzgerald selected stories for inclusion in Flappers and Philosophers in April of 1920. temporary hookup the author conceived initially of this collection as a mixture of poetry and prose, the finished volume featured eight stories composed subsequent to the windup of This Side of Paradise and previously published in leading magazines, including the Saturday Evening Post, Smart Set, and Scribners Magazine.3 Dedicated TO ZELDA and published on September 10, 1920, only five months remove from This Side of Paradise, Flappers and Philosophers sold well, enjoying a first printing of 5,000 copies and sales of 13,325 copies by November 1922.4 Although the popular response to the collection appeared overwhelmingly enthusiastic, the critical response was blend and, at times, quite hostile.5 Some critics proposed that the volume marks the conversion of F. Scott Fitzgeralds undisciplined and turbid geniusinto a bridled and clarified talent and praised mastery of the weapon of short story technique a comparatively complimentary review in the New York Sun contends that these short stories are not so more than technically perfec... ...rs and Philosophers, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York Scribners, 1959), 124 Eble, Kenneth, F. Scott Fitzgerald. (New York Twayne, 1963), 545 Petry, Alice Hall, Fitzgeralds Craft of Short Fiction The Collected Stories, 1920-1935 (Ann Arbor UMI Research Pr ess, 1989), 96 Bryer, 15, 177 Bryer, 158 Bryer, 16 Petry, 99 Bryer, 16 Eble, 5410 Flappers. The New York Times New York 26 September 192011 Times 26 September 1920 Klatt, Marion, Critical Reception of Flappers and Philosophers (http//www.people.vcu.edu/bmangum/F&P.html)12 New York Herald, 24 October 1920, qtd. in Klatt13 Mizener, 1614 Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. (New York Facts on File, 1998), 9015 Bryer, 2216 Ibid.17 Bryer, 2018 Bryer, 21, 2319 Petry, 52, 5120 Mizener, 15 Petry, 52 The Critical Reception of Flappers & Philosophers Essay -- Philosophy The Critical Reception of Flappers & PhilosophersFlappers and Philosophers served as F. Scott Fitzgeralds initial encore after the considerable success of his first novel, This Side of Paradise.1 Fitzgeralds publisher, Scribners, liked to have its authors issue short-story collections soon after they had published novels the Fall of 1920 offered Fitzgerald, as well as the publishing firm, a unique opportu nity to both reinforce and, hopefully, expand the writers popular appeal.2 Fifteen of his stories had been previously published or accepted for future publication when Fitzgerald selected stories for inclusion in Flappers and Philosophers in April of 1920. While the author conceived initially of this collection as a mixture of poetry and prose, the finished volume featured eight stories composed subsequent to the completion of This Side of Paradise and previously published in leading magazines, including the Saturday Evening Post, Smart Set, and Scribners Magazine.3 Dedicated TO ZELDA and published on September 10, 1920, only five months removed from This Side of Paradise, Flappers and Philosophers sold well, enjoying a first printing of 5,000 copies and sales of 13,325 copies by November 1922.4 Although the popular response to the collection appeared overwhelmingly enthusiastic, the critical response was mixed and, at times, quite hostile.5 Some critics proposed that th e volume marks the conversion of F. Scott Fitzgeralds undisciplined and turbid geniusinto a bridled and clarified talent and praised mastery of the mechanism of short story technique a comparatively complimentary review in the New York Sun contends that these short stories are not so much technically perfec... ...rs and Philosophers, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York Scribners, 1959), 124 Eble, Kenneth, F. Scott Fitzgerald. (New York Twayne, 1963), 545 Petry, Alice Hall, Fitzgeralds Craft of Short Fiction The Collected Stories, 1920-1935 (Ann Arbor UMI Research Press, 1989), 96 Bryer, 15, 177 Bryer, 158 Bryer, 16 Petry, 99 Bryer, 16 Eble, 5410 Flappers. The New York Times New York 26 September 192011 Times 26 September 1920 Klatt, Marion, Critical Reception of Flappers and Philosophers (http//www.people.vcu.edu/bmangum/F&P.html)12 New York Herald, 24 October 1920, qtd. in Klatt13 Mizener, 1614 Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. (New York Facts on File, 1998), 9015 Bryer, 22 16 Ibid.17 Bryer, 2018 Bryer, 21, 2319 Petry, 52, 5120 Mizener, 15 Petry, 52

A New Vision of Science :: Science Scientific Papers

A New Vision of ScienceABSTRACT Traditional convictions regarding science (such as universalism, necessity and eternal validity) atomic number 18 currently in doubt. Relativism seems to destroy scientific claims to rationality. This paper shows a way to keep the traditional convictions of scientific knowledge while acknowledging relativism. With reference to the practicing scientist, we replace descriptivism with constructivism we falsify relative validity with the claim to understanding and, we offer methodological strategies for acquiring understanding. These strategies we call strangification, which means taking a scientific proposition system tabu of its context and putting it in another context. We can thus see the implicit presuppositions of the given proposition system by means of the problems arising out of the industriousness of this procedure. Such a change in the understanding of science holds important consequences. There is a personal background for the new understan ding of science I am proposing in this article. These ideas that are now comprised within the notion Constructive Realism have been developed over the last twenty years during interactions and in cooperatio with other scientists. Now I am giving them my voice for a couple of short arguments why this new understanding isneeded today. It should be mentioned that the dialogue with my agent friends from the Vienna circularize hs, to some extent, been important in this process. The Vienna Circle was so complex and encompassed so many different ideas that some traces of what I am argueing can be found there. Presently, however, my own understanding of sciencehas departed crucially from what is usually considered as the Vienna Circles stance toward science. Without being aware of it, the Vienna Circle was the last great attempt for a rational metaphysics of science. It was trying to establish a correspondence of purified human mind with the world. Probably, this is why they argued so sha rply against traditional, i.e. incoherent metaphysics. Contrary to the declared position of most of the Vienna Circles members, however, Constructive Realism does not struggle against metaphysics. I appreciated very much the example of Erwin Schrdinger because it has wondrous shown in which degree a scientist is influenced by his metaphysical background. Checking the bckgound of scientific doing one is getting a lot of impressions about metaphysical world.comcepts, metaphysical concepts of knowledge and so on If we lay aside our apprehension to touch metaphysics, science can even bepushed forward by it. In fact we should have many metaphysics. They are offereing crotchety perspectives and this is exactly what science needs to progress.

Thinking Our Anger :: Philosophy Religion Papers

Thinking Our AngerThe events of September 11th fix occasioned a full(a) variety of responses, ranging from calls to turn the other cheek, to calls to nuke half the Middle East and every imaginable shade of opinion in between. At a snip when emotions run high, how should we go about deciding on a morally appropriate response? Should we allow ourselves to be guided by our anger, or should we puke our anger aside and make an unemotional finding? D. H. Lawrence once wroteMy great religion is a belief in the blood, the flesh, as being wiser than the intellect. We can go wrong in our minds. But what our blood feels and believes and says, is always true. The intellect is only a bit and a bridle. What do I cargon about noesis? All I want is to answer to my blood, direct, without fribbling intervention of mind or moral, or what not.At the other extreme, the Roman philosopher Seneca argued that we should never make a decision on the basis of anger or any other emotion, for that matter. In his treatise On Anger, Seneca maintained that if anger leads us to make the decision we would have do anyway on the basis of cool reason, then anger is superfluous and if anger leads us to make a different decision from the one we would have made on the basis of cool reason, then anger is pernicious.This disagreement between Lawrence and Seneca conceals an underlying agreement both writers are assuming an opposition between reason and emotion. The idea of such a bifurcation is challenged by Aristotle. For Aristotle, emotions are part of reason the rational part of the soul is further divided into the intellectual or commanding part, and the emotional or responsive part. Both parts are rational and both parts are needed to give us a proper sensitivity to the moral nuances of the situations that confront us. Hence the wise person will be both intellectually rational and emotionally rational. Emotional mess whose intellectual side is weak tend to be reluctant to accept reasonable constraints on their behaviour they are too aggressive and self-assertive for cultivated society too Celtic, Aristotle thinks. They answer directly to their blood, without fribbling intervention of mind or moral, and much hewing and smiting ensues. But intellectual people whose emotional side is weak are often too willing

Thinking Our Anger :: Philosophy Religion Papers

Thinking Our AngerThe events of September 11th have occasioned a wide variety of responses, ranging from calls to turn the other cheek, to calls to bombard half the Middle East and every imaginable shade of opinion in between. At a time when emotions run high, how should we go about deciding on a morally appropriate response? Should we allow ourselves to be guided by our anger, or should we put our anger aside and make an retiring decision? D. H. Lawrence once wroteMy great religion is a belief in the stemma, the flesh, as being wiser than the intellect. We can go wrong in our minds. But what our blood feels and believes and says, is always true. The intellect is only a bit and a bridle. What do I care about knowledge? All I want is to solution to my blood, direct, without fribbling intervention of mind or moral, or what not.At the other extreme, the Roman philosopher Seneca argued that we should never make a decision on the basis of anger or any other emotion, for that matter. In his treatise On Anger, Seneca maintained that if anger leads us to make the decision we would have made anyway on the basis of serene reason, then anger is superfluous and if anger leads us to make a different decision from the one we would have made on the basis of undisturbed reason, then anger is pernicious.This disagreement between Lawrence and Seneca conceals an underlying agreement both writers are assuming an opposition between reason and emotion. The idea of such a bifurcation is challenged by Aristotle. For Aristotle, emotions are part of reason the rational part of the soul is further divided into the intellectual or commanding part, and the emotional or antiphonary part. Both parts are rational and both parts are needed to give us a proper sensitivity to the moral nuances of the situations that demonstrate us. Hence the wise person will be both intellectually rational and emotionally rational. Emotional people whose intellectual side is weak incline to be reluctan t to accept reasonable constraints on their behaviour they are too aggressive and self-assertive for civilized society too Celtic, Aristotle thinks. They answer at once to their blood, without fribbling intervention of mind or moral, and much hewing and smiting ensues. But intellectual people whose emotional side is weak are often too willing

Our Mutual Friend

Wider Reading Books Research Name Our Mutual Friend write Charles Dickens Synopsis The multiple plots of Our Mutual Friend, Dickenss last complete novel, twine around the miser John Harmons legacy of profitable heaps of refuse (dust). Harmon dies and leaves the dustheap surgery to his estranged son John, on the condition that he marries Bella Wilfer, a young woman unknown to him. When a body found in the Thames is believed to be the jr. Harmon, travelling home to receive his inheritance, the dustheaps descend instead to Harmons servant Noddy Boffin (The Golden Dustman).Boffin and his wife respond to their new status by hiring Silas Wegg, a literary man with a wooden leg to teach Boffin to read arranging to adopt an orphaned toddler from his poor great-grandmother and bringing the socially ambitious Bella Wilfer into their home, where she is watched and evaluated by John Rokesmith, a mysterious young man employed as Boffins secretary. Rokesmith is actually John Harmon, who has survi ved betrayal and attempted murder and is living incognito so that he can observe Bella.Boffins negative transformation by his wealth, Bellas moral awakening as she witnesses the changes wealth produces in Boffin and in herself, and the developing love blood between Rokesmith and Bella form one key sub-plot. Another is the love story between gentlemanly idler Eugene Wrayburn and Lizzie Hexam, the daughter of the waterman who finds the drowned body. Class differences and the obsessive love and jealousy of schoolmaster Bradley Headstone threaten their relationship, but they are finally married with the help of the crippled dolls dressmaker Jenny Wren.The smaller plots that interweave these sensation/romance narratives comment on the hypocrisy of fashionable life (Podsnappery) and the destruction of the family lives of both rich and poor by an industrialized, materialistic society. Characters John Harmon, Bella Wilfer, Noddy Boffin, Mrs Henrietta Boffin, Lizzie Hexam, Charley Hexam, E ugene Wrayburn. Themes One of the most predominate symbols in Our Mutual Friend is that of the River Thames, which be injects part of one of the major themes of the novel, rebirth and renewal.Water is seen as a sign of new life, used by churches during the sacrament of Baptism as a sign of purity and a new beginning. In Our Mutual Friend, it has the same meaning. Characters like John Harmon and Eugene Wrayburn end up in the waters of the river, and flow out reborn as new men. Wrayburn emerges from the river on his deathbed, but is ready to marry Lizzie to save her reputation. Of course, he surprises everyone, including himself, when he survives and goes on to have a sweet marriage with Lizzie.John Harmon also appears to end up in the river through no fault of his own, and when Gaffer pulls his body out of the waters, he adopts the assumed relieve oneself of John Rokesmith. This alias is for his own safety and peace of mind he wants to know that he can do things on his own, and does not need his fathers name or money to make a good life for himself. 29 Throughout Our Mutual Friend, Dickens uses many descriptions that relate to water.Some critics refer to this as metaphoric overkill, and thence there are numerous images described by water that have nothing to do with water at all. 30 Phrases such as the depths and shallows of Podsnappery, 31 and the time had come for flushing and flourishing this man down for good 31 show Dickenss use of watery imagery, and help add to the descriptive nature of the book. Historical screen background Our Mutual Friend was published in nineteen monthly numbers in the fashion of many earlier Dickens novels and for the first time since junior-grade Dorrit (18557).A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (18601) had been serialized in Dickenss weekly magazine altogether the Year Round. Dickens remarked to Wilkie Collins that he was quite dazed at the prospect of putting out twenty monthly parts after more recent w eekly serial. Our Mutual Friend was the first of Dickenss novels not illustrated by Hablot Browne, with whom he had collaborated since The Pickwick Papers (18367).Dickens instead opted for the younger Marcus Stone and, uncharacteristically, left much of the illustrating process to his discretion. After suggesting only a few slight alterations for the cover, for instance, Dickens wrote to Stone All perfectly right. Alterations quite satisfactory. Everything very pretty Stones encounter with a taxidermist named Willis provided the basis for Dickenss Mr. Venus, after Dickens had indicated he was searching for an uncommon occupation (it must(prenominal) be something very striking and unusual) for the novel.

Economic progress in Russia in the years 1981-1982 Essay

Despite frequent changes in form _or_ system of government, Russian and Soviet governments were spectacularly unsuccessful in securing sustained scotchal work out in the years 1881-1982. Assess the validity of this statement. surrounded by 1981 and 1982, Russia underwent huge changes, particularly the in economy. Russian history is well known for its frequent changes in policy as the country faced revolutions, changes in regime, changes in leadership and non to mention its involvement in various conflicts. As a result, Russias economic policy was subject to major change apart from ternary key areas, constancy, land and the tertiary sector. These three areas of the economy remained a constant in its always changing climate however, many historians still argue that Russias economy was unsuccessful and poorly managed despite its frequent change in policy. Thus begs the question, To what result is this true?The Tsarist regime, for many Russians, was a period of economic instabil ity as cultivation was seen as a secondary concern. proceeds rate was not structured and growth rate fell considerably between the new-fangled 1890s and 1905.1 Meanwhile, other economies expanded leaving Russia struggling to catch up and few historians see kitchen-gardening as a reason for Russias economic decline. For causa, Carol. S. Leonard argued that Russias grain production per capita GDP was lagged outlying(prenominal) behind that of America in 1913.2 This argument shows how agriculture in Tsarist Russia wasnt dealt with effectively and as a result, the economy suffered.On the other hand, some historians have pointed out that agriculture in Russia during the late Tsarist years were not so destructive. One argument maintains that actually, Russias agriculture grew and developed quite substantially pre- revolution. For example from 1890 to 1913, cereal production per capita increased by 35%3. Although this evidence is hard to ignore, it is excessively difficult to turn a blind eye to the contrasting evidence which suggests that agriculture suffered under the late Tsarist regime and consequently, affected the economy as a whole. For example in that respect was very little investment in agriculture in Imperial Russia and this lead to broken yields and economic volatility when prices rose and felllack of investment in agriculture frequently caused grain prices to parachute which caused shortfalls4Overall, although agriculture grew slightly during the Tsarist regime, ultimately it suffered greatly as did the Russian people. Looking at agriculture al unity, Russias economy looked bleak however industry had slightly more success during this time so perhaps the economy was not so bad after all.S J lee puts away a simple statement The periods of most rapid growth were in the mold of Nicholas II (1894-1917) as a result of the economic reforms of Sergei Witte (1892-1903)5. This is easy to see, when one considers that in 1914, Russia produced 35 millio n tons of coal, ranking Russia fifth amongst the main producers.6 Building on Lees argument, there seems to be a dispense of evidence pointing to Sergei Witte as the main reason for Russias industrial boom. Upon taking office, Witte raised massive amounts of capital by securing a loan from France and raising taxes and tariffs and affaire rates.7 However, it is the development of Russian railways which Witte is perhaps most remembered for. Under his guidance the railway network grew from around thirty one thousand km to around 50 three km worth of track.8With Witte at the helm, Russias industry continued to develop with growth rates comparing well next to those of the United States and Germany. Witte has often been credited with modernizing Russia to such a great extent that its industrial boom continued long after he left his post as finance Minister in 1903. For example, in 1913, Russias steel production stood at 4.9 million metric tons next to Frances 4.7 million, with coal an d iron not far behind.9On the other hand, Wittes industrialization policies were not always so successful. For example, between 1890 and 1899, Russias industrial growth stood at 8.0% whereas between 1900-06, it cut down to 1.4%10. His aims of modernizing came with a heavy cost and it was consumers who had to pay the price. Taxes were raised only when exclusively for the lower classes, indeed the wealthier classes were spared from taxation although their money was needed for private capital. Tariffs also caused problems as, although they defend Russian industry, they added to the cost of living.11 Whatsmore, although some historians have credited Wittes decision to seek loans from foreign investors, some remain critical. This is because the interest added to the loans had to be paid in a secure medium meaning, in order to pay off their debts, Russia was forced to export grain regularly, including during the famine of 1891.12Overall, although Witte made huge strides in modernizing the Russian economy, he was not entirely faultless. Industry picked up, but there were still issues and it was the common man who had to pay. The economy still suffered, although, arguably, not as lots as it would have done without Witte. However, the tertiary sector also contributed to the economy.Although some historians critique Russias dependence of Western investors, these ties had corresponding benefits in the shape of trade. 13 Business also boomed within Russia with eight large banks emerging in 1899 which owned more than half the total bank capital. This provided free access for foreign capital, controlling alpha branches of the Russian economy, including the fuel and metallurgical industries. 14 Moreover, according to Robert Service, domestic industrialists and banks were thriving too.15 This argument can be supported by the growth in towns and cities between 1897 and 1914. For example the population in St Petersburg grew from 1300 thousand (1987) to 2 c thousand (1914)1 6. This shows that the economic growth had a positive impact on society and the country was doing well under the Tsarist regime.However, although to the naked eye Russia seemed to be doing well, their growth wasnt so great. Compared to the other Great powers of the period, Russia was lagging far behind. Between 1894 and 1913, Austria-Hungary had a 79% increase in national income whereas Russia was lagging far behind with only a 50% increase17. This clearly demonstrates that Russias overall side was not so great and actually, Russian people did suffer.When Lenin came to power in 1917, he brought with him a change in regime and economic policy including the induction of war communism. War communism aimed to socialize the economy through state involvement. Rural areas were subjected to grain requisition which was forcibly removed by the military.18 This inevitably was unpopular and caused much suffering and peasants who stored their crops were often wrongfully prosecuted.It was not just agriculture which suffered. Factories were nationalized by November 1920 and were geared towards war production.19 Additionally, private trade was banned and rationing was introduced on consumer goods including food and clothing.War communism was, effectively a self destructive policy. Grain requisitioning meant more than three million people died of starvation by late 1922.20 Moreover, money lost its value and people got by through a system of barter. Inflation shot up and multiplied 1917 costs by quadruplet million in 1922. Additionally, in comparison to the growth in city population during the Tsarist regime, people fled the cities. For example in December 1920 the population in Petrograd fell by 57.5%21Lenin knew that it was time for a change. War communism caused more harm then good so Lenin came up with an alternative, the New Economic policy (NEP). Peasants were allowed to sell grain for profit and they paid tax on what they produced rather than giving it up22.Things a lso changed industrially and in the tertiary sector. Businessmen could own small or medium sized businesses however large firms were still state owned.23 The NEP basically gave the people of Russia freedom and Lenin hoped that it would boost economic growth as well. However, in 1924, Lenin died and Stalin came to power. Stalin also brought new ideas and his own ways of modernizing the economy.In November 1927, Stalin introduced his policies of industrialisation and collectivisation with the aim of modernising the economy. They were supported by a series of five year plans, the first-year (1928-32) aimed to improve living standards and the second (1933-37) and third (1938-41) aimed to highlight and thus, amend, Russias weaknesses24.Industrialisation was relatively successful as by the late 1930s many workers conditions had modify and they had acquired better paid jobs and unemployment was almost non-existent. Accounts from the time support this viewGood progress was made4500 new fa ctories, plants, mines and power stations were commissioned, three times as many as the first Five-Year period25.On the other hand, industrialisation was harsh and lateness for work often led to employees getting the sack. many another(prenominal) prisoners also paid the price by working on the grand engineering projects and working in appalling and dangerous conditions. For example around 100000 workers died building the Belmor Canal26.Collectivisation was ultimately unsuccessful and peasants were in a worse position than ever before. The concept of sharing farms and thus, sharing salary meant there wasnt enough money to go around and crop production fell too. For example Grain shortages, combined with continued forced procurements, led to rural famine27 However, some people benefitted from collectivisation such as Bertha Malnick We have more than 600 hectaresour farmers have built 70 new houses for themselves during the last few years28. However, it is conjectural to conclude ov erall that collectivisation was unsuccessful given the various sources which provide figures of those who died or badly suffered during Stalins reign. Stalin died in 1953 and Khrushchev took over. Khrushchev focused on DeStalinisation, distancing the USSR as far away from Stalin as possible.Khrushchev was keen to adopt a different economic policy with the aim of building on the countrys previous economic growth and amending its weaknesses and one way he did this was by abandoning the five year plans and starting a new, seven year plan (1959-65) which aimed to take advantage of fresh discovered mineral resources and fit in with industry29. Khrushchev pumped a lot of money into agriculture and overall 40% of investment was put into the neglected east regions of the USSR30.However, the seven year plan had similar flaws to the previous five year plans such as mistakes in resource distribution. Living standards got worse, the opposite to what Khrushchev had hoped to achieve. For exampl e only five in one thousand citizens owned a car and in 1963, the USSR was forced to import grain from the capitalist west to compensate shortages.31There were successes during this time such as the rise in foreign trade however this cant compensate for the huge failures experienced during this time. Khrushchev made an guileless attempt to improve the economy however his plans backfired and once again the country was left to clean up an economic mess. Eventually, Khrushchev was removed from power and in his quad came Brezhnev who did little to change the economy.The era of Brezhnev has often been described as a period of economic stagnation but some historians believe that this is not fair. care Khrushchev, Brezhnev wanted to focus on improving agriculture and living standards in Russia. Historians Gwyneth Hughes and Simon Welfare support this view sayingAfter the terror of Stalins reign and the chaos of Khrushchevs, the Soviet Union was in for a period of stability, and that mea nt everyone kept their job and their perks for life.32 Brezhnev allowed farmers to work on state own plots which motivated them to produce as much as possible in order to sell the surplus33. This, in theory, should have been beneficial and shows that Brezhnev was trying to improve the economy through new methods however, he was not so lucky.In 1975, the USSR suffered another poor harvest meaning Brezhnev had to increase foreign exports to keep everyone fed. This was just another disaster in Russia but Brezhnev did little to help. His aim to improve agriculture and living standards meant he neglected industry and production rates continued to rapidly fall34. However, arguably his biggest flaw was his inability to change the already ridged economy. Brezhnev had new ideas but couldnt fight the system and by the end of his reign, Russia had made little improvement. Historian Dmitri Volkognov best sums up the Brezhnev period sayingIf Lenin and Stalin, and to some extent even Khrushchev, were able to enliven the moribund ideology of Communism, it was quite beyond Brezhnev35.In conclusion, between 1881 and 1982, Russia experienced much hardship especially surrounding the economy. After analyzing this one hundred year period it is hard to deny that the statement Despite frequent changes in policy, Russian and Soviet governments were spectacularly unsuccessful in securing sustained economic progress in the years 1881-1992. The economy under the Tsarist regime had its faults and during and after the 1917 revolution, it was astray believed that the countrys economic situation would improve. However, from Lenin to Stalin and Khrushchev to Brezhnev, it seemed that no leader was able to sustain a long-lasting and successful economic policy. The economy grew as chop-chop as it declined and it has taken many years to make any significant progress since. Therefore, this statement is valid.________________1 Heinemann Advanced History The Modernisation of Russia 1856-19852 Ag ricultural Productivity Growth in Russia 1861-1913. From Inertia to Ferment by Carol. S. Leonard3 The Penguin History of Modern Russia by Robert Service4 www.historymadefun.co.uk/Tsarism5 Overview from Russia and the USSR Autocracy and Dictatorship (questions and answers in History) by Stephen. J. Lee6 Stephen J Lee7 http//www.slideshare.net/russeltarr/tsar-nicholas-ii-and-industry8 The Industrialisation of Russia by M. Falkus9 http//www.portalus.ru/modules/english_russia10 M. Falkus11 A2 History OCR A Russia and its Rulers 1855-196412 A2 History OCR13 S. J Lee14 A History of the USSR15 Penguin History of Modern Russia16 M. Falkus17 The Making of the Revolution, 1881-190518 From Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-1991 by Evans and Jenkins19 Evans and Jenkins20 The Russian Revolutions 1914-192421 Evans and Jenkins22 The USSR, Germany and the USA between the wars23 Russia and the USSR 1905-194124 The USSR, Germany and Russia between the wars25 A Soviet view of the second five year pla n from History of the USSR by Y. Kukushkin26 Stalin and the Soviet Economy27 European History 1848-1945 by T.A Morris28 Everyday Life in Russia by Bertha Malnick29 AQA A2 History Triumph and Collapse Russia and the USSR 1941-1991 by John Laver & Sally Waller30 Russia 1855- 1964 Flagship History by D. Murray and T. Morris31 The Soviet Economy 1917-80 by S J Lee32 Red Empire. The Forbidden History of the USSR by G. Hughes and S. Welfare33 www.ibguides.com/history/notes.ccom34 Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-199135 The Rise and authorize of the Soviet Empire by D.Volkognov

Human Inheritance Essay

Ethical dilemmas are constantly confronting healthcare professionals, which is difficult to deal with as there is no correct solution. These are also know as moral dilemmas as they are situations where there is more than two choices to make and none of the choices is certain to work and whoremonger cause complications. An example of this would be You are a patient and are too sick to speak for yourself. You are concerned about who result make medical decisions on your behalf, and whether your wishes will be followed. You wonder, What if they disagree about what I would want, or what would be best for me? . Another example of this would be with the economic downturn that you may not be able to afford the funds for food and need to feed your family but the only way in doing this is to steal or let your family starve. These dilemmas are hopeless because each person thinks differently and has a different feeling towards it. There are ethical dilemmas surrounding IVF and infertility. I nfertility is a genetic problem that affects women it is not the womans fault. With IVF the NHS only gives each woman one free cycle and after that she has to fund it herself.An ethical dilemma with IVF is the likely wrong that is through to the infertile couple or the expected child by the physician. The success of IVF depends on the number of embryos transferred to the womans uterus. Because the chance of survival of an embryo in IVF is small the more transfers made the greater the chance of the woman becoming pregnant, it also increases the risk of multiple pregnancies. IVF is not allowed by the Catholic Church because it separates the unitive and the generative aspects of marriage. To separate the unitive and the procreative aspects of marriage is a mortal sin.In addition the sperm donor commits a mortal sin in order to harvest the sperm which is needed for IVF. Although one human life may be created through the IVF technique, many overindulgence foetuses, (unborn babies), ar e destroyed through this process. Other surplus unborn babies are left frozen in the laboratories where they were manufactured as though they were not human beings, but simply consumer goods. They were not created in cope through the marriage act as God intends. Multiple yields also create danger to the health and well-being of the child.Premature birth and low burthen when born are also issues with this, also studies that have been undertaken spina bifida is at a higher risk with children made from IVF. Also the hormones that are taken by the distaff in order to become pregnant are always at risk of having problems or abnormalities to the unborn child. Aminiocentesis is another ethical dilemma, during the process if abnormalities are anchor the mother is offered the chance to terminate her pregnancy. The ethical issues surrounding amniocentesis are seen as centring on 4 focal points.First is the policy of the diagnostic deputisence centre. Here, 2 questions arise Is the clie nt involved in a high-risk pregnancy? And, if a positive diagnosis is made, will the parents consent to an abortion? turn is the role of the genetic counsellor, which is seen as supportive rather than leading. He should assist the prospective parents in reaching a decision to undergo amniocentesis and possible abortion that is mutually acceptable. The prospective parents, the third focal point, may face the question of deciding what is normal.The clients moldiness also realize the terrible strains that are post on a marriage into which a severely defective child has been born. The fourth focal point is public policy. While amniocentesis may fall out to threaten some values held important in our society, the author regards the procedure as an interim solution on the road to an understanding of and ability to goody genetic defects. Contraception is another ethical dilemma as birth control operates before pregnancy begins, and until the sperm fertilises the egg there is nothing tha t is departure to suffer loss and so the issue is very different from the case of abortion.And since the egg and sperm would cease to exist whether fertilisation takes place or not, they cant be said to suffer loss, either. Non-religious arguments about birth control are therefore concerned only with the rights of the parents and with the consequences for those parents and for society in general. The issue of peradventure killing a person, and of the rights of the mother versus the rights of the foetus, which dominate the topic of abortion, do not arise. Some people think its wrong as it is wrong to interfere with the natural order of the universe.People in certain religions also see it as wrong because of the fact that it is like abortion as some birth control techniques can operate by preventing the implantation and development of a fertilized egg. Those opposed to such methods say that this amounts to an abortion, and that if abortion is wrong then those forms of contraception must also be wrong. http//brendakaren. wordpress. com/2009/04/15/some-moral-and-ethical-issues-concerning-ivf-techniques/ http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/4418247 Contraception http//www. bbc. co. uk/ethics/contraception/contraception_abortion. shtml

How far were Mao’s agricultural policies responsible for the scale of the famine? Essay

Maos plain policies could certainly be seen as responsible for the outperform of the deficit or at least as a huge factor contributing towards it. Other factors, such as the conspiracy of silence, bad weather and withholding information by peasants and government officials were overly partly responsible for the scale of the famine however Maos policies played the biggest role in causing the scale of the famine.Collectivisation was the first agricultural policy taken on by Mao which was unsupported by the peasants in the countryside, who were the majority of the population. The policy contributed hugely to the scale of the famine as it affect joining peasant families together to farawaym collectively rather than individually and then sharing the food conveyd with the rest of the community.This, in surmisal, was a good psyche if the peasants worked together they could share knowledge and potentially grow more food. However, they didnt like the policy as it meant, regardless of how much they grew individually, they would only get a flock amount, and it was never adequacy to feed the whole family. Mao believed that legion(predicate) peasants were growing more food than necessary and keeping some for themselves, however this was be not to be the case production rate had fallen from 200 million in 1958 to 143.5 million in 1960. Mao simply didnt boldness the peasants, believing they were inherently capitalist and were against being a communist state.The peasants resented farming collectively beca wasting disease they didnt have enough land to farm their crops, as comfortably as the fact that the authorities believed that they needed to be strictly controlled and directed. This attitude towards them caused the peasants to be reluctant to hand over their crops to the state, however they had no choice as they were no longer allowed to farm for themselves and the grain produced went to the State instead, to feed the cities, leaving many to starve.Lysenkoism was as well as a huge factor that contributed to the scale of the famine. This was a scheme introduced by Trofim Lysenko, a Soviet agronomist, who claimed to have discovered a new method for producing at least double the amount of crops, which involved planting crops deeper in the ground and closed together. China was heavily influenced by the work of the Soviet Union, especially Lysenkos ideas as Mao aspired for China to be similar to them, import he assumed the policies they followed must work.He introduced the policy in 1958 however, the plants couldnt grow in these conditions, causing huge famine and lack of food. Furthermore, a contestation was developed during the Great Leap previous for creating the most striking demonstrations of close planting. Most peasants took this to the extreme and planted seeds as close to each other as possible. As a result, a enceinte amount of their crops died and what survived was taken away by the government officials, leaving the peasant s with nothing to eat.Although collectivisation and Lysenkoism were the main factors leading to the scale of the famine, on that point were other aspects that contributed to it. Mao was determined to stay in power and refused to believe the true scale of the problem. When presented with a report on the genocide in Tibet, Mao dismissed it as a collection of lies and distortions as it criticised the PRC. He was informed that around 15 million peasants had died due to his new policies but he was adamant that he was not to blame. Instead he blamed other external factors causing the scale of the famine, such as bad weather, uninformed topical anesthetic officers and greedy peasants.Other factors that also contributed to the scale of the famine included how focus was taken away from agriculture and set on industry instead. This meant that a hazardously high proportion of farm workers were diverted into steel production and a shortage of agricultural labour meant led to insufficient pla nting so large amounts of crops died. Another of Maos policies that failed was Sparrowcide this was the killing of thousands of sparrows because it was claimed they ate the seeds of the crops.However the campaign against sparrows was so effective that as the number of sparrows decreased, the number of caterpillars, on which the birds did actually feed, change magnitude so they consumed large areas of crops.On the other hand, Maos agricultural policies werent solely to blame for the scale of the famine the conspiracy of silence also played quite a major role. Government officials knew that Lysenkoism was failing and that the targets set by Maowerent being met but they were too scared to articulate out about it. They knew Mao would have them purged if they appeared to go against him, due to his refusal to face the facts.An example of this was when a conference was called to discuss the progress of the Great Leap Forward in Lushan, during which one official, Peng Dehuai, spoke the tr uth about the extent of the famine in an attempt to rectify the situation. However the other members did not support him so as not to appear that they were against Mao because they were afraid of what would happen to them and it was also said to them that criticism of the Party could lead to the collapse of its power. Because of this, some of the information on the scale of the famine was held back from Mao.At the beginning of the famine, reports of success soon became obligatory and were used for future planning. The figures were believed, resulting in communes serving over-generous meals and using up blue-chip food reserves on top of the State taking ownership of the food they produced. As the famine continued, officials would still report back to Beijing that the peasants were producing enough grain and the targets were being met so more and more peasants would be left to starve whilst their food was taken away to feed the urban population and to use as exports to the USSR.Furth ermore, the peasants would lie about the amount of food they were producing by moving the grain around or including other food they were producing, such as reaping and vegetables, as well as all the grain they had produced. This meant that the officials would take away all the grain that the peasants had, leaving them with nothing. Therefore, some historians could argue that the peasants themselves contributed to the scale of the famine and it wasnt just down to Maos policies.Although Lysenkoism is seen to be one of the biggest factors leading to the scale of the famine, the failure of Lysenkoism wasnt entirely Maos fault. Lysenkos theory on how to increase productivity was false and, although it could be argued that the failing of this policy was inevitable, China was heavily influenced by Soviet scientists. They were influenced into believing that Lysenkos theories were right and he could do no wrong and this propaganda would have led Mao to believe the policies would benefit his county.The peasants were also influenced into believing that Mao could do no wrong, so many believed that the new policies would save them, rather than send them further into famine. Additionally, there were some factors contributing to the scale of the famine that Mao couldnt have controlled, such as bad weather and natural disasters, such as floods.During 1959, China suffered a lot of bad weather and floods that destroyed large amounts of land and crops and in 1960 an estimated 60% of agricultural land in northern China received no rain at all. Mao blamed the scale of the famine on this, although this was far from being the sole reason for the scale of it. It could be argued that if Mao had not forced the peasants to follow Lysenkoism, the plants may have had a better chance of surviving, scorn the weather.To conclude, I feel that Maos agricultural policies were the biggest factors that caused the scale of the famine, as the lack of food only started after they had been introduc ed. Policies such as Lysenkoism and large communes meant that crops werent growing properly and that the peasants didnt have enough to eat even before the State started to claim them to feed the urban population, besides other policies. However, there were other contributing factors that led to the scale of the famine, the main one being the conspiracy of silence.The officials were been terrified of Maos punishments, so would have told him whatever he wanted to hear to avoid them. Some historians argue that if the officials hadnt lied, and instead told Mao the extent of the famine, he would have been forced to accept he must rectify his mistakes, and change the policies. However, as the officials were lying to him, there is a possibility he genuinely may have not known the scale of the famine and therefore not seen the need to change anything.On the other hand, Mao had very little knowledge of agriculture in the first place and set ridiculously high goals for the amount of grain tha t the peasants were expected to produce. He didnt realise that the peasants didnt have the correct methods or enough land to produce the correct amount of grain. If he hadnt set such ambitious goals in the first place, the officials wouldnt have had to lie to him to cover up his mistakes, so the majority of the scale of the famine should be placed on Maos agricultural policies.

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay

There were different implications and effects that were caused by the World War I and II to African and Africans as well. Many lives were lost and many were rendered useless. Though in that location are a lot of things that were achieved during this period, there are others that brought about great problems to people. In 1940, German armies were motivated to believe that Africans were in deed their enemies and there was a need to address the issue. With engaging in war with France, and France had several blacks in their army, they were the main(prenominal) target and they were beingness killed more than their white counterparts.German was fighting people who were below the Nazi, or who Nazi believed they were mutilating their colleagues (Raffael, 596). The effects of the war brought both the positive and negative effects to Africans and Africa as well. Nazi hierarchy had already begun to kill those who they thought were below their Aryan. This was a great suffering for Africans b ecause they were being killed mercilessly. Even they are among their cut counterparts, there was no African who was captured and imprisoned but instead they were killed.The other problem was that the Geneva regulations were not applicable to Africans. This was because, the Nazi rule and theory was that the rules were plainly applicable to the whites but not Africans, thus raising another effect to the African as they were killed without any word or anyone to defend them. Though there were some of the German militaries who were supporting Africans and support them, those who were Nazified had not respect to Africans.This helped the African soldiers show their heroism as they were trying to defend themselves and in most cases being placed in the front line in the battle, they had to try their best and defend their combat. They believed that African culture believed that whenever an African gets his enemy, he would use coupe-coupe, which was believed was a detrimental weapon compar ed to other short range weapons. They also believed that Africans were already on the attack positions and they would not hesitate attacking their rivals.They used this as a apology of cleanup position Africans (Raffael, 600). In Africa, Africans had already learnt that there is nothing special with the whites and there is nothing whites can do blacks cant do. Africans developed resistant powers and they were now defending their land against occupation by whites. Africans were fighting for freedom and independence. This was not going well with whites in Europe as the information they were getting is that Africans are mutilating their people, raping their women and killing others.This brought about the justification of the Germans illegal activities of killing blacks and mutilating them This charge became an ob- session of some German officers and soldiers and helped to justify the killings of black soldiers and the no-quarters policy in some battles with the (Raffael, 600). Most of the African Countries, though they had already suffered a lot, they had already started fighting whites and they managed to get their independence and have their own governments without of the colonial rules.

Pop Culture Paper

Essay 1 October 24, 2011 Pop culture is defined by what the to the highest degree recent trends in fashion, movies, music and overall entertainment items are. Popular culture usually has a deeper impact than a trend. It is anything that has an appeal to the masses. The list of what is required in gobble upular culture is nearly endless. It is, however, something that can exist for a greater period of time than a trend can. What are pop cultures main outlets though? Popular culture travels throughout television, newspapers, radio, music, and motion pictures, but it also has the capability to spread through emotions.If someone feels passionately about a certain(p) band or song thats played on the radio, it can shape a certain part of their lives. The media has an influence in immediatelys culture, more so since the introduction of the internet. Today there is news everywhere. People can post Facebook statuses about current events, or even set about Youtube videos stating whats new and grabbing the majority of attention in todays culture. There is no escaping finding out whats popular at the symbolize time.This is a double edge sword, however, because content is whats important, and in this fast pace society whole the strong survive or in pop cultures sake only the exciting survive. An icon is someone who is the object of great attention and devotion in other words an idol. Most celebrities, especially juvenile icons, exhaust the publics interest with extreme rapidity. Most pop icons achieved their status through death, typically at a young age. Adoration of pop icons is due only in part to their actual accomplishments the far more important factor is their apparent attainment of eternal youth.Some of the most nonable pop icons are James Dean, John F. Kennedy and Marilyn Monroe. However, even middle-aged celebrities who died can achieve this eternal youth if the public chooses to simply ignore all images of them past a certain date, as has been done with Elvis Presley. A celebrity is a person who is broadly recognized in a culture. Fame is requirement for celebrity status, but not always sufficient. For example, high-profile criminals are famous, but not always celebrities.Celebrity is not unique to modern cultures royal families, the nobility, popular preachers, and other religious leaders were the celebrities of pre-industrial societies. Also, unreal or literary figures such as Perseus, Roland, and Hamlet played the roles of the celebrity in past cultures. Who decides what is popular and what things are not? Popular culture is pixilated up by the masses through television, newspapers, radio, music, and motion pictures. People let these things manipulate how they live their lives from day to day.From what genre of music they listen to, too the kinds of array they wear, pop culture has a lasting effect on the decisions we make. Why are these things so influential? For some reason pop culture go out most likely never fade away fr om history, new influences will always be put in front of the masses. Works Cited October 24, 2011 1. Icon. The American hereditary pattern Dictionary of the English Language. American Heritage Dictionary, 2009. Web. 2009. 2. Celebrity. The Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011. Web. 2011.

A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan Essay

This stress will emphasize on whether or non the motive of the story, A Visit from the Goon team, Jennifer Egan, thinks that big behavior is shaped by iodines youth. The essay will focus on discussing the view of the causality concerning whether ones youth is responsible for shaping his or her adult behaviors.The author has taken time to betoken her feelings and connections in relation to ones youthful experiences and their ultimate old age. In the fiddling story, the connections between the characters atomic number 18 all based on the fact that they were all friends and had connections to each early(a) in the past. The connection is still there many years later. The story revolves around elaborating the lives of bring out characters so as to show that the author supports the notion ones youth is responsible for shaping his or her adult behaviors. The one factor that has changed is how they perceive themselves and the excursion that they read taken. This is because they are all at the story begins with swell emphasis on bennie. Salazar has been a unison producer for a genuinely long time. He has met very many people in his life and he has helped them produce the music that they were interested in, rock and roll. At the time, it was the genre of music that had the power to communicate to very many people. The connection to Sasha is drawn from the fact that bennie hired her to work for him a very long time ago.The journey for both of them has been long and tiring. In A Visit from the Goon Squad, Jennifer Egan notes that each and every(prenominal) character is as a result of the journey that he or she took during their youth. This has shaped their thoughts, opinions and all the things that make them who they are in the novel. The term goon has been use to denote the silent robber that has reversed the general perception of the timeline that family, friends, acquaintances and loved ones had together. At each and every step, the author shows that th e negative thoughts and sentiments represented are as a result of the difficult years that they throw off had to go through.Times a goon, right? The sentiments presented show that the progress of each and every character may not be where they intended it to be. This is because of the very many things that they have experienced. Sasha has lived a life where she went from being a runaway in a foreign country who had battled with thieving urges to a prostitute and many other emotional destabilizing factors. She in like manner has a problem of kleptomania. This is represented by the fact that she grew up in a very violent home. The aspects of the things that she did all her life were a representation of what she had witnessed while goring up.As overmuch as bennie had hired her, there were very many secrets between the two as they seldom discussed their personal life. There are a lot of twists and turns with their relationship because Sasha sleeps with a young man named Alex. Bennie came to hire Alex to engineer the comeback of Scott, Bennies high school friend. The author therefore shows that Sasha has but changed the behaviors that she had as a youth. She is still doing the same things that she did when she was young. For example, the author notes that, Sasha lived in a foreign country where she battled with urges of theft and being a prostitute. She has not changed just about of these behaviors because the author notes that she still has a problem with kleptomania. She also sleeps with a young man named Alex.The story by the author focuses on a few key characters that seem to reappear more frequently than the other characters. These are the characters that have been mentioned above such as Bennie and Lou. Lou has been described by the author as a coke-snorting music producer who loves to seduce teenage girls. Lou slowly became the mentor of Bennie, who was simply seen as a young and untalented bass player.The author has depicted most of the characters as being the same throughout the novel. For example, Lou use to snort coke and seduce teenage girls. This tells us a lot about his character. In the story, he is later described as a securer who convinces young and under age Jocelyn to accompany him to Los Angeles. Lou is even seen imparting his theories about women to his son Rolph who is only xi years old. This is evident when he takes his mistress and his two young children on a tour to Africa.Bennie is later depicted as an aging executive for rock music. The characters that he depicted as a youth are the same characters that he has now. This shows that his adult behaviors have been shaped by his youth. The author has used characters who are self destructive so as to show how ones character tramp lead to their own destruction. As characters such as Bennie, Sasha and Lou grow older, fate is seen to lead them in directions they did not intend to go. This shows that they had no control over who they turned up to be. They are simply a crossing of what they were during their youth.Another way that the author has used to show the world that ones adult behaviors are shaped by the youth is through shifting the story back and forth in time. The author has used different timelines. For example, the author has depicted some of the characters in the late sixties through music that was popular at that time. The author then shifts to present day and also the near future so as to show us the similarities and differences in the characters during that period of time. The main aim of doing this by the author is to show that most of the characters have not changed and they are not about to change in the near future. findingIn conclusion, the author supports the idea that ones youth shapes his or her adult behaviors. Jennifer Egan has managed to do a great job of creating underdog characters that are self destructive and bring themselves down. I agree with the author that ones behavior during adulthood has a lot to do with h ow they were during their youth. The characters that have been reviewed in this story have been seen to remain the same from their youth to their adulthood. This can be used as evidence that ones youth indeed shapes their behaviors as adults. Characters like Lou, Bennie and Sasha have not changed throughout the story.

Journey to Sakhalin

The Saline project was the first Russian labor-sharing commensurateness (AS) with contrasted corporations. A AS is a commercial contract between investor(s) who argon volition to make a huge, long term and high risk investments with the innkeeper res publica that has the natural recourses ( ordinarily cover and/or petrol) to exploit. The terms behind AAAS are usually deferent than regular commercial contracts, as they usually bypass some of the regulations that the phalanx country imposes on unknown Investments.The bargains to a fault last for the Lifetime of the project. to a lower place the terms of the AS, the investing company gets the larger share of venues at the beginning of the contract to recoup the represent of investment. As time goes by, the net revenues (revenues after the cost of operations) are shared between the investment companies and the host country, usually a 20/80 split. AAAS are controversial In Russia because they bypass some of the taxes and li censes that a foreign company would fork out to pay.Previous foreign companies had worked In Russia under the regular tax system, therefore It was argued that AAAS dont extend all businesses equally and create a sense of unfairness. Furthermore, AAAS apply except to Greenfield.. Greenfield are unexploited, undeveloped large pieces of lands with exploitable resources, and some circles felt that Russia should not cheaply bargain away these coveted lands. AAAS are agreements between the foreign direct investors (FED) and the federal Russian government thereby limiting the power of the mid-level establishment, traditionally and politically a powerful group In Russian Pollock.At the time of the agreement, the local Saline Government, led by regulator Igor Verification, was a key player in the decision, mainly because Verification was politically influential and in upgrade of the project. After the fall of the communist regime, Russian GAP fell by 50% and up to fractional of the popu lation was living below the poverty line. Oil and gas constituted the main export meshwork of Russia, whose borders encompassed the largest supply of gas In the world (30%). Attempts by Russia to privative state-owned energy firms had mixed results.The OLL Industry produced a progeny of vertically integrated firms such as Skidpan and Subnet, which formed the basics of a competitive environment. Conversely, prevarication of the gas industry produced a single, dominant company Gazpacho. At times, it appeared that he Russian Government acted on behalf of Gazpacho ascribable to the significantly higher impact this Industry had on the Russian economy, and because It was a 38% stakeholder In the company. As Gazpacho controlled 20% of the worlds gas production, tenure were gallants political Interests escalated Witt ten development of this industry in Russia.Thus far, Russians exports were mainly to Europe, as Russia had been unable to build pipelines to easternmost Asia and Japan. The energy sector constituted 20% of GAP, and Gazpacho alone was responsible for 8%. The growing economies of the Far East, combined with Russians need to exploit its oil and gas serves (both for economic reasons, as easy as for political influence) helped push Russia to seek Foreign Direct Investment (FED). Russia also required foreign expertise, as transportation of gas to Asia would require a Liquefied Natural Gas (LONG) facility something they did not have the technical ability to create.Foreign differentiatenerships accordingly offered the fastest and about efficient way of developing previously inaccessible resource field as well as exporting to untried markets. Previous administrative scandals (BP Amoco) showed Russia to be politically and financially risky, causing a decrease in FED. A AS agreement would prove a level-headed faith gesture from Russia that it was ready to enter the world economy, and to overcome the bureaucratic history and corruption that has s lotd away foreign companies. epidermis would not have invested $108 in the Saline II project exhibit 1 without a AS. Russia needed this first AS to attract future FED, and as such would potential be most generous with the terms of its first AS. Successful execution of a AS by Shell, could create future opportunities to exploit additional Greenfield development in Russia. Despite these advantages, there were several downsides. Protectionism by members of the Russian Dumb meant that this AS was rapidly becoming politicized and might face ongoing challenges..One term of the AS was that Saline Energy Investment Company (SIC) needed to use 70% Russian labor and goods for the part of the project measured as measured man- hours and volume of material however the oil industry in Russia was mainly functioning on ground and had very little experience with offshore activities as exampled by Russians inability to build and maintain a Liquefied Natural Gas (LONG) plant. The terms of this part of the agre ement were particularly vague, as it was roll defined what would be considered Russian content in the project.Additionally, enforcement of the AS would be difficult due to the geographical remoteness of the project. * Investments in Saline did not Just include the production facilities, but also contributions to the local administration. SIC was responsible for the upgrade (or construction) of the island infrastructure as well as other wish-lists of improvements. The SIC also had to provide local community sponsorships of facilities, scholarships and grants as well as maintaining good relationships with environmental activists. Saline Island is a pristine environment.In order to be successful, social and public relations have to be a priority, which could prove to be challenging since the business of exploiting oil and gas is usually untamed to the environment as well as the economic and social landscape of local communities. Care in negotiations had to be achieved in order to spon sor projects that would keep the local residents happy and friendly, and yet keep a tight control on spending for these projects and not inflame environmentalists. * Navigation of local politics was also a challenge.In the first stages of a project like this, good relations with local government employees are sometimes more important than relations with politicians higher up in ten unlearning as most approvals are cone locally. As ten project progressed, Ethereal authorities became more important as Putting attempted to reinstitution central authority. Another obstacle was the level-headed system. Difficulties and delays in obtaining approvals for the Technical and Economic stop for Construction (TCO) as well as a lack of stabilization in the Russian legal system endangered the project as it would not proceed as scheduled without them.Without changes to the legal system, blazon of the Sagas agreements that conflicted with current Russian laws could not be enforced and increased t he risks associated with the investment. Despite these obstacles Shell should invest in Saline. There are very few Greenfield available with the production capacity of Saline. Exploitation of non-developed lands allows for the building of forward-looking technology instead of maintaining old equipment. This is more efficient and therefore more profitable. The initial costs are lower as there is no need to dismantle old facilities to build new ones.It allows Shell to gain a foothold in Russia which has a large reserves of oil and gas. When at wide-cut capacity, Saline could produce up to 5% of the world LONG needs making this a full of life strategic investment for Russia. Russia needs to rebuild its economy and is now ready to offer better deals then it would in the future. It does not have the technology to build offshore platforms and LONG producing capabilities. It needs these facilities to access new markets and the location of Saline in the Arctic has great potential in thes e regards.The Saline II AS agreement has terms that will be difficult to match in the future and has the advantage of lessen the influence of the Russian oligarchy in the business dealings. Russia would not Jeopardize its standing as a 68 country and is motivated to have successful foreign investments. Of course one company to watch is Gazpacho. It is a major player in Russian politics and may feel threatened to have the East Asian market closed to them. Shell should be open to the idea of having Gazpacho be part of the Consortium.To moderate the risk, Shell should try to attract more investors to distribute the risk, at least at the beginning maculation costs are high, then buy the shares back once production brings in stable revenues. They should comprise the given requirements very carefully and ensure that they keep maintain heir end of the bargain by hiring the requisite local contractors and labor force. Shell should behave as a good neighbor as much as possible by making sure that the environment is being taken care of.Natural resource industries require large capital investments and are politically difficult to navigate. They have such a significant geopolitical impact that the Coos of these companies do not make agreements with the heads of other companies, but rather with heads of state. Their decisions do not just affect the shareholders of the company, but also the access of energy by their win country as well. If the political climate changes with a new government hostile to the home country of the company, no commercial contract can be legally enforced.A company could lose all of its investments in the host country should they be removed from the operations while the plants and equipment remain. Depending on the level of hostility and the impact the resources of a country have on the global energy supply, escalation may involve military force to potent indispensable resources. Usually the countries with the companies that have the most techn ical expertise do to own the lands that contain the resources and the countries with the resources do not have the technical expertise to exploit them.It creates a mutual (although wary) Interdependence. An 011 company cannot easily grant to another site Ana move Its platforms, refineries and pipelines, while the host country cannot operate the equipment without the technical knowledge of the companies (which is the companys only leverage). Both sides need to do a a diplomatic dance, constantly negotiating give and takes on the ontogenesis of these resources. Exhibit 1 Saline 2 project

Developmental case study

It is burning(prenominal) to fuck and understand the developmental milestones and be aw atomic number 18 of the capers so baby birdren give the gate be supported and offered the intervention if need. The bible provides a framework for Christian teachers hereafter and actions that teachers provoke nature kindness, patience, humility and love of their own lives and the lives of their students (Galatians 522-26). By misgiving kidren development is like a road map to explore the perspectives of children developmental theorists use to understand how children grow and change.The developmental case arena is greatly improve the ability to interact with children with the better understanding of the stages of development, greater sight into how children be necessitate, think and looking in certain ways which is a helpful way to gain and touch more favour adapted in public lecture, adding and working with them. It is also important to realize that development is an ongoing process through with(predicate) out the lifespan and having a greater understand of how passel continue to grow and change can help appreciate and manage all stages of life.Participants Observation There are two participants in this developmental case study. First is a four geezerhood old boy, Monterey, who is a single child from African-American ethnicity. He at ten-spotds NC Pre-K program, which provides high quality earlier educational experiences for four long time old who are non attending preschool for various reasons and prepares children for kindergarten. Monterey is a very happy and high ener pass wateric child. He enjoys participate his friends in dramatic play nerve center, running in the playground and eagerly to learn the new involvements during circle time.The endorsement participant is ten long time old girl, Kimberly, who is in fourth grade. Kimberly family are originally from Honduras, Kimberly is a multilingual student who speak fluently both English and Spanish. Her family moved to United States of America when she was three long time old and she started to learn English when she attended preschool at the age of four. Kimberly is very easy to get on and likes to play with offspringer children as she spends her late afternoon with mother, who is the reechoes assistant teacher. She likes to watch television, exercises with her older sister scarce non heavy active activities.She is a honor student, very bright and very curious some everything around her. The Whole Child Concept The whole child concept is based on the recognized principle that all areas of humankind growth and development are integrated. All areas of growth are knit together in mutually supportive network cr take in the uniqueness of each child. Teachers learn what makes each child special, what they look like when the children move their bodies or change their stockions. The observant teachers read through the way they contain the whole child (Gordon & Browne, 2013, p . 67).To define the whole child, observant teacher uses six developmental domains to emit how children grow and develop, which are developmental of social- delirious, physical, cognitive, language, cultural identity and creativity. In this development case study in the first place centrees on three developmental domains in each participant, which are Social-emotional development, includes children relationship with themselves and others, self-concept, self-esteem and ability to express their feeling. Physical placement, includes hoggish mother, fine motor and perceptual motor activities.Cognitive development, includes curiosity, ability to perceive and think, memory, attention span, normal knowledge, problem solving, analytical thinking, beginning reading and computing skills. Developmental Case Study Monterey is four years old and according the social-emotional development during preschool years, a young childs social life evolved in relatively inevit fitting way. The social network grows from the relationship with parents or other guardians and including family members. Social interactions extend from home to child-care arrangement or preschool.Erick Erosions theory of social development suggests that during the preschool year, children must resolve the personality crisis of initiative versus guilt. The childs successful solution in this stage terminuss in a sense of initiative and ambition tempered by reasonable understanding of the permissive (Slaving, 2012, p. 62). Monotones social-emotional development is age appropriated. He is tuition what is acceptable and what is not. His emotional regulation skills expand and able to identify his feelings, as his language skill develop.Monterey enjoys being around his peers, during preschool years, peers begin to play the important roles. Peers battle let children see that others have thoughts and feeling different from their own. Most of preschool interactions occur during play, which reflects the four le vels of social interaction (solitary play, parallel play, associative play and cooperative play). Monterey spends most of the time in dramatic play center and he achieves in the cooperative play level, which occurs when children Join together to reach common goals, sharing and taking turn.Play also allows boys to express themselves through dramatic play and to learn how to negotiate social-emotional challenges. It is through imaginary scenarios that young children work through family situations, pretend to be, negotiate role and problem-solve other real-life situations (Groper et al. , 2011, p. 36). Movement is a hallmark of early childhood and dramatic changes occur in both gross motor skills and fine motor skills (McDermott & Ramrod, 2013, p. 164). During preschool years, gross motor skills become smoother and better coordinated as a result of muscular soften increasing.Young children infuse pretend role in into their physical play. In gender difference, boys have a large propo rtion of muscle tissues Han girls, they are more physically active and participate in more trouble play than girls (Gordon & Browne, 2013, p. 341). In this observation, even though Monotones physical appearance is smaller than his friends in the classroom, he tends to play rough-and-tumble like other boys who are bigger than him, which in this case, size does not matter in his physical development.Monotones fine motor skills make major strides in his age by dressing himself, eating with utensils, building blocks, putting small puzzles pieces together, writing his name legibly and cutting by using cut to follow certain patterns. Level Weights believed that the adults in the society foster childrens learning, engage children in meaningful and gainsay activities and help them make sense of their experiences. Weights emphasized the importance of adult guidance in promoting cognitive achievements. Childrens learning involves the acquisition of information from others and deliberate te aching.Development occurs as the child internalizes, be able to think and solve the problem without the help of others, this ability is called self-regulation. There are three key concepts in Weights theory, which are a partition off of proximal development ( impress), scaffolding and private speech or self-talk. As Monterey being observed, he understandably shows one of the key concepts of Weights theory, Private speech or self-talk. There are many times when he is working on play dough, puzzles and building blocks, he usually talks himself out loud slightly his plan in what to do next.When thought and language first merge, children often talk to themselves. Self-talk serves an important employment in cognitive development. By talking to themselves, children learn how to guide their own behavior through Byzantine maneuvers (McDermott & Ramrod, 2013, p. 17) and self-talk increases when children are performing more challenges task. Language development in children age three to se ven years is tied with their thoughts, during these years, children talk aloud to themselves. After a while, self-talk becomes internalized so he children can act without talking out loud (Gordon & Browne, 2013, p. 09). Children talk to themselves for self-guidance, self-direction and help children think about their behavior and plan for their actions. ZAP and scaffolding are also important keys in helping children develop their cognitive skills. ZAP helps hillier win their skills with the assistance of another skilled person and scaffolding is a useful structure to support childrens learning. Children who get advice to help them master the activities within their abilities tend to be more successful in their cognitive skills and development.Kimberly is ten years old girl, who is very curious about everything around her. By the time, children enter elementary school, they have developed skills for more complex thoughts, actions and social influence. The primary grade children will normally be fatigued working through Erosions fourth stage, industry versus inferiority. They contribute to their sense of industry and accomplishment. During this stage, children start to prove that they are grown up or l can do it myself stage. This stage also includes the growth of unconditional action, cooperation with groups and performing socially acceptable ways.Most children make great strides in terms of their ability to recognize emotions in themselves and others, control their emotions and communicate about their emotion with language. As Kimberly was being observed, her emotional regulation continues to evolve. She can alternating(a) one activity to another, change the way they think about troubling situation. Only one thing that she tends to do is noticeing her feeling to herself. According to McDermott & Ramrod (2013), elementary and middle school students also tend to keep their feelings to themselves that suggest they are vulnerable (p. 37). Kimberly tends to mov e on to the new thing and does not like to be asked about the problem that bothers her. Throughout the school year, children have opportunities to face many circumstances to develop their emotional regulations and how to properly express their social expressions. Most children have a similar appearance during middle childhood, the remains size increases and their legs are chronic in proportion to the body. This steady growth results in an increase in height and weight. Girls mature somewhat quickly than do boys.As children progress through middle childhood, they become increasingly sensitive about their physical appearance (McDermott & Ramrod, 2013, p. 165). This shows in Kimberly perspective of others in their appearances. She likes to ask why people wear certain types of outfit, hairstyles and the way people look. She was asked to explain about her ideas about her own curiosity, her answers give the result f what she wishes she could have or looks like. Self-conscious increases as children get close to puberty, which children start to notice the changes of their appearances.Many children enlarge their own physical flaws, the reality is that appearance is influential in social relationship and affect how they feel about themselves (McDermott & ramrod, 2013, p. 165). Jean Pigged referred the period of cognitive development of children age between seven to eleven years old is concrete operational stage. During this stage, children become increasingly skilled in the understanding of logical and concrete information. Even though, they still struggle with hypothetical or abstract concepts, they still be able to focus on multiple aspects of problem, thinking in different viewpoints and become less egocentric.They begin to have longer attention span and better able to remember information for longer period. Play still plays an important part in children during this age group. Middle childhood play fosters cognitive development. Children exercise their executive s kills when proviso pretense scripts. Using symbols in games, designing constructions and organizing games with rules (Bergen & Foregoer, 2009, p. 428). Play also shows the ability to use what they already know to construct new knowledge.During the observation, Kimberly shows how she relates her cognitive skills with play ideas by creating new games, rules and being adjust them to be appropriated to jr. children in her mothers classroom. Play is the essence of creativity in children throughout the world, it is universal and reflects the childrens growth, life and how they look at the world. Not only cognitive development, play promotes learning for the whole child, providing benefits for all developmental domains. Conclusion Once, everyone was a child. Learning about child development can provide additional insight of how a child becomes later in life.The better understand of the age process, the better prepare when the issues emerge. Teachers, educators, parents and educator are no t only gained the process of understanding but will be able to recognize what is normal and not normal in the children development. Bible also makes clear that each person is unique. All are able to contribute to life in a special way, using their distinctive gifts (Romans 124-8). Study human development tends to follow remarkably predictable patterns, which indicate the typical placement of each ages and stages.

Why Some Governments Are More Willing Than Others To Help Tackle Climate Change:

Climate commute is the significant variety in the earths mode during a period of 30 years. Some governments whitethorn be more willing than others to foster acquire climate due to advantages and disadvantages for their countries.Some governments may not agree to tackle climate change as it could affect their economy. An example of this are NCIs, for example China. China is behind the slew production of many products therefore their carbon emissions are very high. Tackling climate change may not be in the interest of China as it could mean a negative affect on the countries growth and industrialisation. This may be why some governments may be more willing than others to help tackle climate.Developing countries may also be reluctant in tackling climate change as they may argue that it is the responsibility of MEDCs as they are the ones who emit the most carbon dioxide. They may think that as they are not the ones contributing highly to climate change they should not robe mo ney into tackling it. This money could be used for things such(prenominal) as food, clothing and care for which they may believe are more important than helping the climate. Why should developing countries have to die hard for the damaged MEDCs are doing just to live luxurious lives. This is why developing countries may be reluctant to tackle climate change.Some countries such as Norway are more willing to tackle climate change. This is because they believe it is in their populates interest to tackle climate change as preventing climate change now will make a huge beneficial impact in the long term. Norway, UK, U.S. share $280 Million to Stop Deforestation. Norway has already lasted investing money to tackle climate change, this because of pressure from the people in Norway, to avoid conflict the government has seen it is in their best interest to listen to their people and invest money in stopping climate change. This may be why some governments may be more willing than others to help tackle climate.Some LEDCs may want to tackle climate change as it will be very beneficial in the future. This relates to countries such as the Maldives and Bangladesh. Both countries are belittled laying countries and if the impacts of climate change keeps getting worse than both countries are at risk of be of being underwater due to the huge increase in sea level rise. By tackling climate change they are taking away this risk. Also it is in the interest of other countries to help them as losing a lot of bring in due to flooding will mean loss of huge amounts of space.Bangladesh is densely populated if it were to lose its land the people would need to move to other countries taking over their land and space, ultimately increasing their chance of natural disasters. Also Maldives is a country where the government want preen an example, to show what it is like to be carbon neutral. Therefore by tackling climate change now they could start a whole new revolution having a v ery positive impact on the world.Countries such as the Philippines will be very eager to start tackling climate change now, especially because of late events. The government has seen the consequences of not taking action during hurricane Hyan where huge scales of damage occurred. If the Philippines had tackled climate change before they may have been able to save many lives. Therefore countries such as the Philippines may be more willing than other to tackle climate change.

Technological scholarship

The article reports on the increasing ubiquity of booth phones or mobile phones, which energize begun to supplant the function of telephones, and how the rummy qualities of cell phones particularly their symbiotic blood with some other forms of telecommunications testify unique cultural ramifications for society at large. The author notes that cultural studies have generally neglected scrutinizing the telephone essentially the fixed counterpart of the cell phone despite the respective work done in the knowledge base of communications and technological scholarship.However, there does exist a modest amount of literature on the engineering science for the author to conduct a brief review of literature relevant to such an interest, but he observes that these have emerged largely in the wake of the cell phone, reasoning that studies about the increasing complexity of telecommunications technologies and the proliferation of affectionate and cultural functions of cell phones m ade it difficult to ignore the invisibility of the telephone as a amicable object and cultural applied science.The author notes that works centered upon the cultural and social dimensions of cell phones tend towards relative study and cross-cultural analysis simply because the rapid proliferation of cell phone use across the worldly concern beg the question of how use is related to varied national and social contexts. (Goggin, pg. 4) However, the authors disceptation is that such studies do not sufficiently account for the cultural aspects of cell phones themselves.He maintains that because cell phones are not just a communication technology, but a cultural medium which borrows liberally from the cultural components of other mediums. The author notes that as a mobile cultural technology, cell phone culture finds its closest originator in the Sony Walkman associated with a specific set of social practices, a particular demographic of users and represented inside the language o f culture itself. (Goggin, pg. 7-8)However, the author also points out that the Sony Walkman and the cell phone parallel as a fusion of multiple technologies developed by a wide configuration of businesses, industries and services and in that palpate are devices which emerged due to the cultural convergence of various interests. This is an important point to note, as it presages the authors succeeding point, which is that technology and society shape each other in tandem, as posited by the actor-network conjecture of human-technology relationships.Essentially it refuses formulaic oppositions between technology and society and declines the lures of technological determinism and the countervailing reaction that society determines technology. (Goggins, pg. 11) Furthermore, he maintains that the success of technologies is viewed down the stairs the actor-network theory as determined by relationships rather than as a consequence of the stable and bilinear progression of historical conditions. Simply put, a technology needs to be loved, nurtured and, above all, materially fashion and supported.As such, the state of a technology is determined by the interaction between it and society. Before concluding with an dodging of the remainder of the books contents, the author finishes his introduction by noting that the future of cell phone studies and examinations of the interactions between culture and cell phone technology may draw rich inspiration from profits studies. Like the cell phone, the Internet is a technology that has been the subject of many works of techno-cultural scholarship.Initial studies became obsolete due to directions of evolution that went unpredicted, but present important lessons in techno-cultural scholarship in revealing the extent to which such a highly individualised technology resists the very determinism that actor-network theory refutes. As such, cell phone studies must recognize the intimate relationship between a technology and the uses it acquires through its interaction with culture. (Goggins, pg. 13)REFERENCES Goggin, G. (2006) Cell phone culture mobile technology in everyday life. London/New York, Routledge.

Technological developements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological developements - Essay ExampleIn primarily years, photography was represented in paintings and similar artworks. During these periods, the outgrowth of the painting tube served as a great milestone towards the developments that occurred in photography. The development led to the urge for advanced impressions created that were brought about by the development of the television camera. Impressionism contributed to the drive for creation of more expressive images thus leading to further developments in photography and other expressive arts (Sefton-Green 5). Over the years, the camera has dominated in the provision of almost perfect pictures. The development of the camera has considerably contributed to other advancements in photography with the development of motionless pictures technologies. These technologies have led to the development of movies and documentaries that be considered significant progressions in photography.Digital camera has proved a cut through in sophisticated photography, given that it has considerably contributed to the further developments of cutting-edge technologies, involving production of images that appear perfect than images from earlier developments. Photo paying back Software is considered a cutting-edge technology that offers the populace a chance to view the old photos in the most modern manner. It renews old photography thus leading to the betterment of the old memories. The software makes the photos ensure most recent after some time of decreasing quality of paper as good as color utilized in earlier photography. Japan has managed to develop a camera that offers 3D images that are real through improvement of camera versions, in other countries such as europium and America. The camera is an invention by Fujifilm that does not utilize nerdy glasses in its operations.The pinhole was utilized in the development of negatives that contributed enormously to photography where the negatives have been utilized in

Castel sant's angelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Castel sants angelo - test ExampleThe memorial was constructed on a special site which was on the river edge built on solid ground. The actual architectural layout of the mausoleum is uncertain even today in terms of construction and decorative. The monument composes of three overlaid bodies of architecture which are a square base, a cylindrical body, and the last piece that was a cylindrical shape too but sm altogetherer. On top of this last piece was a law of Hadrian pulling a quadriga. The cylindrical body of the monument was filled with an embankment of earth with a hanging tend for cover. The structure which was built at the Roman period is unrecognizable now. However, some parts still succeed including the foundations and masonry of the square base, the entire masonry nucleus, the pick up built with stone blocks, the ramp leasing to the top floor, and funeral hall (Zirpolo, 2010).In all transformations that have taken place in this castle, these constructions have remaine d the core areas. The castle was transformed into a protection from a mausoleum in the shopping center ages. This transformation overly changed the layout of the structure. These changes had been taking place for over ten centuries because the construction was linked to the town walls, it was built around Rome, and the changes were carried out by a military architect, Nicolo Lamberti.The castle also had a defensive role because it was positioned at a point where the northern access city path was located. The castle gained immense significance throughout the transformations that took place. There was also a dispute in the middle ages regarding the possession of the castle. Papal Court took possession of the castle when he came to Rome in 1377. Eventually in efforts to make the castle a safe place, an internal passageway was created in the cylindrical body, the Roman entrance and the spiral ramp was closed. A new entrance was created on the half way f the cylindrical mole and was linked by

Policies to Enhance the Safety Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Policies to Enhance the Safety Measures - Essay ExampleThe health and tender burster organisations are often exposed to major health related risks. It is obvious that a study should possess its own set of schedules and norms to maintain standard health and safety practices for the service providers. Since, the health and the fond workers work in a dynamic and hazardous surroundings, which is exposed to severe risk, the requirement for safety is at the maximum for these workers (Health and Social Care Board, 2011). Health & Safety measures adopted in health and social care workplace represents that the people working in hazardous situations are protected with negative or unseemly consequences. The practitioners providing services are most exposed to the risks rising at the social as well as healthcare centres. It is worth mentioning that effective communication of information about such policies is one of the important practices, which has the electric potential to ensure greate r health along with safety of the individuals working in a particular workplace. Again, in order to maintain safety at workplace, it should be mandatory for all the employees to follow the legislative regulations lay down by their respective companies to form as well as develop a secured environment (Health and Social Care Board, 2011).. In order to develop the health and safety measures in the healthcare organisations, the managing director of such organisations must pass a mandate with written norms of health and safety measures, which need to be followed for enhancing safety at workplace. To maintain greater health and safety at the workplace, the Director should follow the systems and the procedures that entail implementing policies within his directorate, disseminating those within the staff by explaining the area of responsibility and including new staff as a part of induction plan. In order to enhance the overall performance, the policies would also incorporate the measure s like providing leadership.