Burmas Stateless Minority under the Tip of Globalizations Spear Essay

Bangladesh and Burma, two of Asia’s poorest nations, displaced and stateless people of rohingya suffer in silence at the hands of the military government in Burma’s Orwellian new capital of Naypyidaw, Bangladesh caretakers are being less sympathetic to them. People of rohingya are being crashed to death . there are children starving in the darkness of dawn in these Asian century. India and China are interested in resuscitating decrepit colonial era ports and WWII era transport routes in their weak states in the name of securing resources for their respective domestic economic progress. Discussion Complex patterns of today’s transnational human exodus across political and cultural boundaries examples of massive underground movement Rohingya are people they are never heard of they live in a place no one could never want to live they inhabit a violent landscape of crisis completely devoid of human rights. Women and children struggle to get clean water and food but after a long struggle and suffering they end up getting a pool of muddy stagnant water. They have no choice but to drink the dirty staff. There have been a lot of plight of human migration portrayed in the media now days known as â€Å"South to North†. Some of the odds that come to our minds are for example Cameroonians traversing thousands of miles up the African continent to look for work in a Parisian suburb and Guatemalans passing themselves off as Mexicans trying to enter California’s vast produce engine. Many parts of the world now days suffer a problem of lack of basic needs such as food, water, clothing and shelter. These has been as a result natural calamities such as floods, earth quark, land slides etc Political interest has also contributed to some extend. Complex patterns of today’s transnational human exodus are examples of underground movements referred to as â€Å"South to South† migration in think tank parlance. There has been a lot of genocide in the current would and oppressions of human rights. In ten years of travel and reportage of civilization’s fraying and violent crossroads, there have been witnesses of an array of struggles of people burning in the smoldering embers of post-World War II decolonization and the last great upheavals of the post-Berlin Wall paradigm shift. The far south of Bangladesh the situation there is dire and people live in a desperate situation. Desperate Iraqis refugees live in dark coastal hotels in Syria. Rohingya a minority group from western Burma are Muslims but are not welcomed, since Burma’s independence from the British Crown in 1948, they have been persecuted over the last six decade by the central government in several violent fits, and this all dispute came as a result of junta not recognizing Rohingya being the real citizens of Burma. and being Muslims therefore justify ethnic cleansing and forcing them out of their farms and off their villages in Rakhine. Rohingya therefore sought refuge in Bangladesh as refugees but they were not welcomed they were referred as â€Å"illegal economic migrants†. The darfurist have at least their leader but the minority Rohingya has none. Conclusion The world leaders have to come to understanding that because of their political differences the innocent children and women are suffering under their own hands.Genocide is not the solution to political differences. References 1. Derek Flood: From South to South: Burma’s Stateless Minority Under .. www. huffingtonpost. com/derek-flood/from-south-to-south-burma_b_98865. html – 81k – Cached – Similar pages 2. Derek Flood: From South to South: Burma’s Stateless Minority Under †¦ Derek_Flood_From_South_to_South_Burma_s_Stateless_Minority_Under_the_Tip_of†¦ – 25k – Cached – Similar pages

Pros and Cons of Four Day School Week Essay

* Shortening the school week can address budget deficits and save teachers who would have to be laid off otherwise. In the case of Peach County, Georgia, the district either needed to shorten the school week or cut 39 teachers from the workforce in the 2009 to 2010 school year, according to Fox News. Shaving a day from the school week saves money without sacrificing teaching talent. This approach makes sense if a district faces short-term budgetary difficulties and knows that teachers are needed long-term to support the system. Con: Difficulty Finding Childcare * Cutting the week to four days places additional pressure on working parents, who need to arrange childcare for younger children on their days off. Daycare is expensive, and often focuses more on keeping children safe and entertained rather than teaching them. A few districts try to alleviate these problems by providing support for families who can’t find or afford care. Some district-sponsored programs even offer tutoring services. Pro: Encouraging Responsibility and Independence * Having a day off from classes doesn’t necessarily mean getting a day off from schoolwork. Schools can modify their curricula to assign more individual, take-home projects that students complete on their days off. Giving students more independent work encourages the development of research skills, problem-solving skills and time management abilities. Having the extra day also gives students more time to study on their own, allowing them to learn at their own pace and use a method of their choice to absorb new information. Con: Not Enough Face Time * While some children work well on their own, others suffer from less classroom instruction and teacher assistance. Marlow, Oklahoma’s school district superintendent said that the school would move back to five-day weeks after the school tried a four-day schedule to save on operating costs. Compressing content forces students to work at an accelerated pace that some can’t handle. Many students learn best with guidance and support, and concerned parents sometimes report that reduced classroom time hinders their children’s progress. Read more: The Pro & Cons for a Four-Day School Week | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6733617_pro-cons-four_day-school-week.html#ixzz2J2FqTp00 Cost Savings, Wages Lost * A March 2010 article in â€Å"The Wall Street Journal† reports that budget shortfalls are often the driving force behind a four-day school week. The article cites a school in Peach County, Georgia, that was able to save $200,000 by shortening its school week. Schools save money on items like gas, utilities, food and substitute teachers. However, these cost savings can also result in reduced hours for workers like bus drivers, cooks and janitors. According to â€Å"The Wall Street Journal,† hourly workers can lose as much as 20 percent of their income. Academic Performance * Research is mixed on the impact of a four-day school week on academic performance. A â€Å"Time† article from August 2008 reports that a Kentucky school with a shortened week drastically improved its ranking for standardized tests, moving from 111th in the state to 53rd. The school took the savings it realized and put the money back into educational programs. With one less day of school, student absenteeism has also been found to decline. Opponents of the shortened school week claimed in the â€Å"Time† article that students in the United States already lag behind students in Europe and Asia who attend more school. With a longer weekend, some fear that students are more likely to forget what they have learned. Students with special needs or those who are at-risk may especially find it difficult to retain information. Long Days * To meet the state’s requirement for school hours, districts that move to four-day school weeks will add more hours to the school day and also shorten breaks for recess and lunch. This results in students spending longer days at school and in the classroom. According to the National Conference of State Legislators, this can be exhausting, especially for younger students. Longer days also make it more difficult for students to participate in extracurricular activities. However, the extra day off is often used as time for students to undergo tutoring, see the doctor or dentist, work a part-time job, be with their families or take part in school activities. Childcare and Family Time * Many parents will be at work when their child is off from school on a Monday or Friday. This leaves the parent to find childcare during the week or make arrangements for a kid who is home, possibly resulting in additional costs for the parents. A longer schedule can also mean the student arrives home at the same time as the parent. In this case, parents may actually not have a need to find after-school care or leave their children alone at home until they get off work. Read more: Pros and Cons of a Four-Day School Week | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_7973741_pros-cons-fourday-school-week.html#ixzz2J2FaB2yQ

Life as a Buddhist Essay

Many people all around this planet have knowingly or unknowingly met people of the Buddhist community or even seen a Buddhist Temple. In whatever circumstances, hearing of, meeting with the real Buddhists or visiting their temple is not an issue. The fundamental question is, ‘what is Buddhism? ’ An article, The Buddhist Way appearing in the Buddha Net (2008) defines Buddhism as, â€Å"†¦a religion, a series of practices and a way of life based on the teachings of Buddha who, after achieving enlightenment, taught that the nature of the world is constant change. † According to the teaching of Buddha, all things in this world are temporary and the inability to understand life’s nature is the source of people’s unhappiness, trouble and their suffering. Buddhism is therefore a means to correct people’s views, expectations along with their conduct and bring happiness, peace, wisdom, Nirvana and end suffering. Buddha’s teachings are a source of inspiration to people whose religion is Buddhism. Their lives have perhaps been influenced by these teachings (Buddha Net 2008). This essay seeks to explore through the day to day life of Buddhist men, women and children The males were the dominant figures in the Buddhist community. Their responsibility was to take care of the females in their community. They were the voice in their families and no woman could dare go against their wishes. The woman could only manage the affairs of the house in the way that the husband dictated. The males could marry as many wives as their strength allowed (Buddha Net 2008). They could become monks to serve in the Buddhism religion where they were supposed to live a celibate life (Andrew, nd). To understand the situation currently facing the Buddhist woman, it is important to look at the early life of the Buddhist woman. The Buddhist woman seems to have gone through so much than any other living creature. Her life was that of submissiveness and servitude; as a child and youth, a wife and an elderly woman, she had to obey and serve her parents, husband and grown children respectively. They had no right to chose whom to marry and would marry anyone chosen to them by parents. On very rare occasions, they were given an opportunity to choose from a few suitors. Some of the women therefore were forced to elope. Once they were in marriage they were to obey their husbands together with his parents without question. Like objects, they could seldom make decisions; they were ordered on what was to be done by men (Andrew, nd). Women’s role in the Buddhist society was to manage household affairs such as cooking, cleaning the house, bearing and looking after the children. They only ate leftovers after the men had had their fill. Women were treated more or less like objects. Their husbands could beat them up if they were displeased to, an extent of being thrown out from the family house. A woman could not file for a divorce but a man could (Andrew, nd). Their role as said earlier was to bring forth children for their dear husbands and if the woman was barren, another wife was the better option for the husband. As opposed to men, women who committed adultery were put to death. Men could also give away their wives to their men friends. The woman was the most degraded creature in the early Buddhist community whose activates and decisions were under the remote control of men. Many women served as slaves and had to follow whatever their masters said even if it meant the sexual act. They were also beaten up by their master and even murdered without anyone’s alarm. Due to these merciless and regular beatings they occasionally committed suicide. The life of a traditional Buddhist woman was made of a dark cloud of suffering. Andrews in her article Women in Theravada Buddhism joins Janice Willis in saying that women â€Å"†¦were helpmates at best and burdens at worst, but always they were viewed as being inferior, second class citizens† (Andrew, nd). The birth of Buddha also marked the birth of the women’s freedom. At one time Buddha was asked about women by one of his disciples, Ananda and he replied that just like men, they could also become enlightened. Buddha in an effort of lifting the woman figure founded orders for both Bhikkhus (monks) and Bhikkhunis (nuns). The practices and rules that governed the two orders were similar. Buddha also taught anyone; male and females alike (Andrew, nd). However it had not been easy for Buddha to establish the order of nuns. Had it not been for his disciple Ananda’s pleading, the women could not have been ordained. Despite their ordination, Buddha dictated eight rules that placed the nuns as monks’ subordinates. To Buddha still, a woman was a lesser being. It was because of nuns’ ordination that his teachings would last for only 500 years instead of the expected 1000 years. Ordination of women was like a crime that he had committed (Andrew, nd). After the death of Buddha, the one time patriarch society wore back its earlier face. They could not deal with women nuns who were their equal and rules to lower the standards of women in the society were made. No one was against Buddha’s teachings that women could in the same way as men attain enlightment but there were certain limitations made for Bhikkhunis to perhaps increase acceptance of monastic rules in the society. Despite these limitations, many women joined the Bhikkhunis as there was more freedom, no servitude; no doing of household chores and above all they had independence. Once liberated, they taught the same to other women. Bhikkhunism therefore was a way of escaping from the harsh realities of life. All women could not be Bhikkhunis; some established other movements such as the Lay Women (Andrew, nd). The life expectations of a Buddhist child can be drawn from the teaching of Buddha to his own son Rahula. Parents and teachers were supposed to pass these teachings on to their children. A Buddhist child is expected to be truthful. If the Buddhist child wanted to find truth the child must be truthful in the first place. Children are also supposed grow up with their actions as mirrors. They were advised not to perform any action that seemed harmful. Children were supposed to learn from their mistakes and be responsible for their actions. They were also supposed to be compassionate. Buddhist children are also trained to become monks from an early age (Talbot, 2010) Conclusion Just like in any other institution, the Buddhist community has had their own way of life. Each and every group had a place it held in the society. However, it had been a patriarch society that infringed on the rights of women. Men were superior figures but women were expected to be in total submission of their husbands. With the coming of Buddha the status of women was lifted but was not equal to that of men. Women are still below men in communities that practice Buddhism such as in India and Thailand. References Andrew, K. (nd). Women in Theravada Buddhism. Retrieved form http://www. enabling. org/ia/vipassana/Archive/A/Andrews/womenTheraBudAndrews. html Buddha Net. (2008). The Buddhist way. Retrieved from http://www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s01. htm Talbot, M. (2010). Introduction: teaching your children Buddhist values. Retrieved from http://www. tricycle. com/special-section/introduction-teaching-your-children-buddhist-values

Direct and e marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct and e marketing - Essay Example "The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location" (1). Furthermore, some kind of businesses cannot manage without the Internet technologies and e-commerce. This paper will argue that it is impossible to imagine modern marketing technologies such as direct and e-marketing without effective data protection and privacy laws. 2. Data protection and privacy laws play a very important role for business development today and determine the future development of direct and e-marketing. "Direct marketing is intrusive, both in relation to the privacy of personal behaviour, and into the privacy of personal data. The degree of sensitivity varies greatly, depending on the person, the data and the context" (2). Data protection and privacy laws vary in different countries, but there are some significant similarities concerning the issue. In the United States some data protection acts have been adopted. "Actions such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT) and The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) have combined to create a relatively thorough protection of both financial data and personal information" (3). Financial data and personal information protection are of great importance especially while using such marketing methods as direct marketing and e-marketing. Nonpublic personal information term is precisely determined and concerns many aspects of financial data, customer and seller information. "Nonpublic personal information collected includes, but is not limited to, data from the consumer, the consumer's transactions with a financial institution or its affiliate, from nonaffiliated third parties about the consumer's transactions with them and from credit reporting agencies" (3). This information is protected with the data protection acts indicated above. European Union has also recently adopted data protection principles. The 8th Data Protection principle provides that "Personal data must not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory has an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects" (4). The UK also adopt data protection acts, but "Many are also commenting that the UK has inadequately implemented the Electronic Privacy Directive (2002/58 /EC), resulting in too lenient a treatment of persons who send unsolicited commercial email ('spam') in the UK" (4). So, the UK data protection policy needs to be improved, as well as in France: "The French Data Protection Authority, Commission Nationale de L'Infortmatique et des Liberts ("CNIL"), has ruled that an email service provided by Rampell Software, a Florida-based company, is illegal, as it breaches French data protection law" (4). But later, in May 2003, the UK legislation changed:" The most controversial aspect of the legal changes is the new regulatory regime for email marketing.

Vodun and African culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vodun and African culture - Essay Example They believe there exists a hierarchy of inferior creations, the vodun that vary in strength from Superior deities that govern nature forces and societies of men to the individual streams’ spirits, rocks and trees, an expression considered sacred. Another belief is that God cannot contend with the humans, which makes the Vodun the core of religious life. This element of Vodun religion bears a resemblance to Trinity and angles and saints intercession-making Vodun very compatible with Catholicism and generally Christianity. A strong syncretistic Haitian Vodou was conceived as a result. Tying of souls is another phenomenon in Vodun. They believe in tying a soul in something tangible and physical (Robinson, pg. 72). A person is linked to another person using a soul tie, which commonly links the living and the dead and it is a form of a curse. The key and core Vodun aspect is performing healing to the people from illnesses. Houngans and Mambo arguably have a dominant role in healing. Healing performed in Vodun is a combination of faith healing (using Iwa’s help and some other spirits), herbal medicine, and the western medicine is gaining popularity in many Vodun healing practices (McGee. pg. 28

Evolution of the Brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14500 words

Evolution of the Brain - Essay Example Arran Gare (2002) traces the key development of ecology to the tradition of plant geography of Herder and Goethe and most significantly to Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) who saw â€Å"nature as a process of becoming† and established the development of â€Å"anti-mechanistic naturalism† (p.135). Nature’s dynamic condition was already recognized. All forms of life were seen as â€Å"self-organizing† and interdependent with each other and their environment (p.135). This concept became prevalent in society even before Ernst Haeckel came up with the term â€Å"ecology† in 1866 (Allaby 2000, p. 13). The view of ‘underlying causal unity’ within the world also inspired the idea that energy is conserved by the transformation of nature (Kuhn, 1977) (qt. in Gare 2002, p. 135). Most significantly, Von Humboldt’s work inspired the further study of organisms by Darwin, Lyell, Agassiz, Thoreau and Edward Suess who coined the term â€Å"bio sphere† in 1875 (p.135). Allaby (2000) discussed that in the 18th and 19th century, development of ecology was influenced by the concept of ‘economy of nature’ based on evolution theory and ‘balance of nature’ derived from natural theology and German Romanticism. Charles Darwin in his 1859 book Origin of Species explained that â€Å"all of nature appears to be an orderly, well-regulated system of interactions among plants and animals and with their environment†. Darwin asserted that â€Å"the appearance of the organization was the result of a natural process of evolution based on a struggle for existence by each individual organism† (p.13). While according to natural theology, God â€Å"endowed all plants and animals with needs and the means to satisfy them as to guarantee that harmony among them would be preserved†. Nevertheless, the concept of â€Å"balance of nature† and its corresponding notion of static ecosystems is now considered by science as a ro mantic myth.

Psychological and Physiological Benefits of Physical Exercise Essay

Psychological and Physiological Benefits of Physical Exercise - Essay Example Physical activity is mainly undertaken to attain and sustain a healthy body weight. Its benefits incorporate a healthy mind, mood and improved general health of an individual. According to Gledhill (2007), the physiological and psychological significance of exercise are relevant to the current society. This is because sedentary lifestyles affect the health of the public leading to increased costs. Moreover, lifestyle diseases that can be prevented such as diabetes, coronary heart diseases and cancers have become frequent. This has amplified the mortality rates. The collective effects of inactive lifestyles, physical inactivity and excessive calorific intake significantly contribute to compromised health state. Furthermore, these trends lead to increased pervasiveness of obesity in developed nations. According to Gledhill (2007 p. 57), scientific evidence indicates that lack of physical exercise is a major risk factor that contributes to mortality rates, age related complications and compromised mental performance. Consequently, physical exercise has both psychological and physiological benefits that improve the overall health of a person (Gledhill 2007). Psychological benefits of exercise The psychological aspects of physical exercise are clear in the affiliation between the body’s physical movements and a person’s mental and emotional health. The biological fitness of a person influences their behaviour and mood. Consequently, an undisputed link exists between physical exercise and the psychological well-being. Psychologically, exercise triggers the release of vital hormones that promote the mental and emotional processes. Gledhill (2007) affirms that physical fitness stimulates the nerves; thus, enhancing glandular secretion. This helps to increase vivacity, speed, aesthetic appeal and physical agility. During exercise, critical endorphin hormones are released in the body (Fox, Biddle, & Boutcher 2002). These natural hormones make one feel energ ised and optimistic. Moreover, the endorphins block pain creating euphoric feelings in the brain cells. This is necessary for people coping with emotional or physical pain. Endorphins are mainly produced during stressful times; furthermore, they compliment the adrenaline hormones. Therefore, exercises are effective means of maintaining high spirits and motivation because it is a natural anti-depressant (Gledhill 2007). In addition to aiding mental recreation, physical exercise reduces anxiety by boosting a person’s mood (Buckworth & Dishman 2002). It promotes a general wellbeing in all the psychological functioning of an individual. For this reason, therapists employ it as a remedial treatment of anxiety neuroses, depression and mental illnesses (Buckworth & Dishman 2002). Therefore, maintenance of overall fitness is a vital component of promoting self-esteem and self-efficacy among individuals. This is because through exercise, moods are contained; thus, enabling a person to attain their goals efficiently (Fox, Biddle, & Boutcher 2002). Another psychological benefit is the promotion of IQ levels and cognitive alertness in individuals. Regular exercise improves short-term memory that improves fluid intelligence. This process boosts verbal reasoning and mental constructs that are vital in psychological health. Besides, exercise leads to the regeneration of new cells in the brain by facilitating

Positioning and social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Positioning and social responsibility - Essay Example Moreover, the strategic decisions may be aimed towards the customers of the business organization or the employees of the organizations. Strategic decisions aimed at the employees of the organization attempt to improve the productivity of the employees and hence lead to an increase in quantity or quality of the products produced. However, most of the strategic decisions that are aimed at the customers are usually aimed at increasing the sales of the products of the company, which the customer makes. Several strategies may be employed to help increase the sales by the customers. In addition, the company may undertake measures aimed at improving its image, which will therefore lead to improved sales and customer loyalty to the company. The company may base improved image of the company on the quality of the products, which they offer, a wide range of products or corporate social responsibility of the company. One of the strategic planning decisions, which business organizations make, i s the positioning strategy of the company. Positioning strategy Positioning strategy is a strategy that different companies make to improve their perception. Thus, it can be said to be a psychological approach to marketing. Positioning strategy is mainly aimed at making the customers prefer the products of a certain company as opposed to those from its main competitors (Hiam, 2009, p. 36). The positioning strategies of the company may be directed either towards the customer or towards the competitor. However, brand-positioning strategies can generally be classified into the following categories: Using product characteristics or customer benefits Price- quality approach Use or application of the product Product-user strategies Products class strategies Cultural symbol of the product Strategies aimed at competitor (Batra, p. 205) Using product characteristics or customer benefits This is the most used positioning strategy; it links a certain product with a certain characteristic, whic h is generally of great importance to the customer. The company may stress the durability, safety, or reliability of its products. However, a company may also use two or more different characteristics to build the brand image of the product. Companies that use two or more product characteristics to build the image of the brand risk confusing the image of the brand, which affects the customers’ perception of the brand (Batra, p. 208). Yo sushi helps in attracting customers to its restaurants using the claim that its food is fresh (company website – Yo! Sushi). Emphasis on the quality of food that is served in the restaurants portrays the image that the food is of higher quality and safe to the customers who may it. In addition, Yo sushi emphasizes on the speed in which the restaurant is able to serve its customers. The restaurant serves the food from conveyor belt. Yo sushi claims that its food is fast, fun and fresh (company website – Yo! Sushi). Due to the fact that a belt would definitely move at a fast speed the company in effect portrays to its customers that its services are very fast and hence the customers would not waste time waiting for the food to be served. This therefore helps in attracti

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace Literature review

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace - Literature review Example nal Statistics (2008), there is an increasing trend in the number of workers aged above 50 years in the construction industry, and this number is likely to account for 30% of the total working population in this industry by the year 2020. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) observe that age has had a significant impact on the chances of people aged more than 55 years seeking employment in the UK. Most of the construction companies presume that younger and energetic people have a greater capacity to accomplish tasks and bring in new knowledge in the industry (Bendick et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the aging generation has significant experience to contribute to the industry. Martin et al. (2003) argues that to avoid age discrimination in the construction industry, the thought of where and how to advertise is important to ensure that different age groups are reached. Sometimes the aged are discouraged from seeking employment due to the use of advertisement language such as â€Å"recent graduate† which disregards the experienced labour force. On the other hand, some advertisements suppress the hopes of the younger energetic labour force through the use of words such as â€Å"mature† or â€Å"15 years experience† and many other words that discriminate applicants on the basis of age (Office of National Statistics 2008). Even though some tasks may require experience, some employers in the construction industry are not specific with regard to the job’s requirements. Martin et al. (2003) observes that different age groups can be offered equal opportunity if the experience needed is substitutable with equivalent qualifications. This allows the experienced older members in the labor force to match their younger qualified counterparts in applying for the job. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) argue that age is usually not a good sign of great potential among workers. Studies have proved that different people in different age groups have strong characteristics that are

Leadership vs Management - is there a difference Research Paper

Leadership vs Management - is there a difference - Research Paper Example rly opposite in nature; while management seeks to argument order and stability to achieve consistency, and the smooth flow of operations, leadership seeks to initiate constructive change and motion. Effective leaders always seek to bring about continuous adaptive change, to take the organizations to higher levels of performance in a context of the tumultuous business environment. Organizations need to have both leaders and managers for them to function effectively because these two roles are complementary (Berendt, Christofi, Kasibhatla, Malindretos & Maruffi, 2012), while leaders provide direction in relation to the big picture and vision of the organization, managers are responsible for effective implementation of that vision. In other words, managers provide the operational structures that see to it that the vision is achieved while the leaders provide inspiration and motivation that keeps the organizational workforce fired up to achieve the big picture. This has been captured in the first analysis, which details how the manager constantly engages with the workforce thereby establishing strong relationships based on trust and loyalty; consequently, this leader transforms his workforce into followers. There is a sharp distinction between a managerial and leadership culture within the organization; whereas the former focuses on rationality and control, the latter emphasizes intuition and freedom of thought, which unleashes creative potential. The first analysis also indicates that the manager prefers certainty and clear task structures because they promote not just efficiency but also confidence; this explains the delegation of roles and tasks to people with ability to handle them. The second analysis highlights the function of mentorship, which is a core aspect of leadership, unlike management; the third analysis also emphasizes coaching as a key function of leadership only that this coaching has more to do with skills than motivation or inspiration of workers.

Reputation Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reputation Managment - Essay Example Reputation increases the actual worth of the company and increases its market value , but most organization does not understand the real value of reputation. Companies need to measure, monitor and manage their reputation to be successful on a long term basis. Most organization does not take initiative to manage reputation because they consider it as an intangible asset. Like any other asset of the company, reputation has its liability side. So the reputation management implemented by a company has to evaluate both the reputation assets and the liabilities. According to Doorley (2007,pg.11)â€Å"The very act of having to list their reputational assets and liabilities helps the various units focus on reputation management†. It is extremely important for an organization to have a plan regarding the reputation management. A comprehensive reputation management plan is to be applied to all areas of an organization like finance, human resources, manufacturing, marketing, investor relations and public affairs. Definition of Reputation Reputation is the main identity of an organization on international business platform and to maintain it, a company need to have an ideal reputation management system. A reputation can be defined as the opinion or view of other’s about something. According to Changâ€Å"Abdul Rahman and Hailes defined reputation as an expectation about an agent’s behavior based on information about or its past behavior†.... Reputation has a profound value in business world as it enables business partners and consumers to trust the company without concerns. Reputation allows the business partners and customers to carry on business with a company on moral and ethical grounds. Trust and reputation go hand in hand and a company with a good reputation in the business world is deemed to be honest, transparent and reliable in their business dealings. Reputation of a company shows to the outside world the credibility it has in the market and between customers and clients. A company’s reputation depends upon its past performance and the opinion its customer’s and customer’s has based on it. Reputation gives an idea to the outside world about the future behavior of an organization. Reputation is of contagious in nature and word of mouth can enhance or destroy goodwill of the firm. Reputation spread in the market like fire and hence a company should be cautious and calculative in maintaining i ts prestige and reputation. Development Stages of Corporate Reputation The corporate reputation has evolved through different stages which involves corporate image corporate identity and corporate reputation. The corporate image is the stage where consumer perceives the company through its brand, logo and uniform and theme of office building. Corporate image is not only in the hand of the company but is contributed by media and other external agents. Corporate image can be established by creating graphical theme to the products and also by providing apt products according to the customer needs. Corporate image is the initial stage of reputation development as the quality of product enhances the image of an organization. The second stage is

Stakeholder in a Business Essay Example for Free

Stakeholder in a Business Essay If a customer’s concern was that the product they want to buy is never in stock Tesco’s aim would then be to make sure they always had products in stock and on the shelves. Customer comments make the most impact because they are telling Tesco’s exactly what it is doing wrong and what needs to be done to improve it so Tesco is encouraged to improve their store for the sake of their customers. They have a big influence on the store because if Tesco’s did not listen to their concerns it would lose customers and sales which could go to other competitors. Customers are split into socio economic groups based on he occupation of the head of the household. It is used to see how people in different socio economic groups react to the same stimuli. The first 3 socio economic groups A, B and C1 will shop at Harrods because they have better more professional jobs which in return they will have more money so they like the finer things in life so therefore shop at Harrods. The last 3 socio economic groups C2, D and E will shop at Tescos because they have average jobs and are likely to be on minimum wage and Tesco if affordable so will therefore shop there. The groups are as followed: Socio economic group| Occupation| Tesco or Harrods| A| Higher managerial, administrative, professional example surgeon| Harrods| B| Intermediate managerial, administrative, professional example bank manager and teacher| Harrods| C1| supervisory, clerical, junior managerial example shop floor supervisor, bank clerk, sales person| Harrods| C2| skilled manual workers example electrician or carpenter| Tesco| D| Semi skilled and unskilled manual workers example assembly line worker, refuse collector, messenger| Tesco| E| Casual labourers, pensioners, unemployed example pensioners without private pensions and anyone living on basic benefits| Tesco| Customers of Tesco and Harrods could complain or give feedback in store or online and the business would do their best to fix these problems in order for the business to run at its full potential. (B) Employees Employees are an important stakeholder to Tesco because without them there would be no one to sell the products. Their job affects the growth of the business because if they do their job well and sell the products the business will bring in money. Employees depend on the business to make sure they are working in a clean and safe environment, there is job security and opportunities for promotion and discounts. Employees can also affect the business if they go on strike because then the business would have no workers to help the business run. They also want the business to do well so they can keep their job because if the business wasn’t doing well it might have to lose workers or close completely. Employees can also have an effect on the business if they let their personal life get in the way of their job. Relationships and emotions can cause an employee not to put their full effort into the job which could result in poor sales and losing customers. It is vital Tescos employees put all their effort into their jobs so the business excels. The employees at Tesco’s and Harrods could potentially quit their job if they feel they are not getting treated properly so it is a main priority that the employees are a big priority to the business. For the employees to be treated well at Tesco they want 24 hour security to make sure they are always safe, to know that anything personal is kept confidential and that they get a fair income for the work that they do. Employees at Tesco will be much different to employees at Harrods and they will both want different things. C) Suppliers Suppliers supply the products and services to a business. They can affect the running of a business if the products are not supplied on time. Not having stock on the shelves could lead customers to competitors. The suppliers want to have a long term contract with the businesses so they know they are always in business and will never lose money. The suppliers can affect the time, quantity, quality and cost of a product. Without suppliers the business could not guarantee that it will always have sufficient high quality materials. It is important that the business maintain good quality relationships with the suppliers so that raw materials and components can be ordered and delivered at short notice. The suppliers of Tescos and Harrods need to maintain their standard if they want to keep contracted with the business losing customers would affect the sales of the suppliers and also the running of the business. (D) Owners Owners and shareholders are interested in the business because they will be interest in their dividends and capital growth of their shares. Shareholders also have the power to elect the managing directors who make the decisions for the business. Owners have a big say in the aims and objectives of the business and how they should be decided. The shareholders can receive return in two ways. Firstly by a rise in the share price, so that they can sell their shares at a higher price than the purchase price known as capital gain and secondly based on the level of profits for the year, the company issues a portion of this to each shareholder for every share that they hold called a dividend. Below I have a copy of the major shareholders of Tesco. Harrods is a private limited company therefore is owned fully by quartar holdings. (E) Pressure groups Pressure groups are interested in whether the business is acting appropriately towards their area of interest. They are organisations of people who believe in the same cause. They have strongly held views and wish to influence some aspect of the society. These groups of people have more affect to the business than just one individual. Pressure groups have the right to criticise the government, hold meetings, protest and be able to have their views broadcasted and heard by the media. Pressure groups have to inform the local authorities and police to let them know they are going to protest. Pressure groups can protest in a number of different ways such as Internet, petition, letters and mass media. These can have a big effect9i on the public and if large numbers of people protest this could lead to the business changing. Pressure groups at Tesco’s will campaign for Tesco’s to stock fair trade products because they believe the workers are getting paid a fair price. (F) Trade unions Trade unions represent the interest of workers. Their main priorities are to guide, protect, help and support fellow workers. This creates a group of professionals wanting a say in their profession making individuals power stronger. They aim to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay and increasing the number of employees. Trade unions originated in Europe and then they became popular in many countries during the industrial revolution because many workers were mistreated and underpaid. Trade unions may enforce strike or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals. Trade unions can also promote legislations favourable to the interests of their work members. Trade unions can provide benefits such as to insure members of unemployment, old age and funeral expenses. If trade unions put forward they wanted a pay rise of 5% there would be negotiation on both sides, the case would be unlikely but they could reduce the pay rise to 2. 5%. In France, Germany and other European countries, socialist’s parties and democrats played a prominent role in forming and building up trade unions. Trade unions have been said to have ineffective policies on racism and sexism, such that a union is justified in not supporting a member taking action against another member. The 4 main trade unions in the UK are: * General unions – these are for skilled and unskilled workers performing different jobs in different industries such as cleaners and transport workers * Industrial unions – these are for different workers in the same industry example the national union of miners covering workers at all levels in the hierarchy. Craft unions – these are fairly small unions for skilled workers performing the same or similar work in different industries such as musicians. * White-collar unions – these are for professional workers who perform the same or similar tasks in the same industry example teachers or scientists. (G) Local and nationals communities The community have an interest for the business because they get their products and services from them and they l ook for jobs from them. The community can have a big say on where the businesses location will be and expects the business to be environmentally friendly and as less disruptive as possible. The community have a big impact on the business because it is them that are customers to the business. If a new business was placed in a small community such as Tesco’s it could put other small businesses out of business example butchers, corner shops which could then affect the community if there shops that they shop at regularly have been put out of business due to this one store. (H) Governments Governments have an interest in the business because they collect tax from them. The government can affect the business in many ways such as businesses have to pay a variety of taxes to central and local governments including corporation tax on their profits, VAT on their sales and business rated to the local council for provision of local services. Businesses can also benefit from government incentives and initiatives, such as new infrastructure, job creation schemes and business relocation packages, offering cheap rent, rates and low interest loans. Tesco’s and Harrods have to work with certain acts of parliament such as the; 1. The employment relations bill, 1999 which states that employees who have been in employment with the same business for a period of one year have the right not to be unfairly dismissed. 2. The employment rights act 1996, which covers unfair dismissal, redundancy and maternity. 3. The sex discrimination act 1975, which states that it is illegal to discriminate against, an employee based on their gender or marital status. 4. The disability discrimination act, 1995 stating that is illegal for a business with more than 20 employees to discriminate against an employee or applicant or a job who may be disabled. Conflict between stakeholders * The local community can often suffer at the hands of a large business. Things such as pollution, noise, congestion and the building of new factories can lead the community to complain and if the business faces strong protests from residents and pressure groups it could cause the business to relocate o shut down meaning people would be unemployed. * Levels of authority can cause conflict between stakeholders. Example, a manager may not feel it has to respect and follow anything an employee says because they are lower and less important them then. There can be conflict between owners and employees if they feel they are not getting fair pay or bonuses. To keep the employees happy you need to build up trust and offering higher benefits and award programmes will assure this. * Suppliers and owners can have conflict if the products and services are not delivered correctly or on time. If a product was not delivered on time and the shelves were out of stock of that product the customers would have to go to competitors and the business would lose out on sales. Conclusion To sum it up stakeholders are very important for Tescos and Harrods to run efficiently and smoothly. Without the stakeholders the business wouldn’t have the money to run and they would not be as successful as they are today. To conclude stakeholders are one of the key factors to a business’s success or failure. The customers are Tescos and Harrods main stakeholders and these have the power to determine whether the business is a success or failure. The employees must do their job properly to retain customer happiness and ensure they will come back. Suppliers are an important stakeholder to the company and must maintain good relationships which will result in a less amount of problems and faster service. The owners are the heart of Tescos and Harrods and their decisions can affect many things in the business. They have to make sure their decisions will not result in a downfall of customers or cause problems with other stakeholders. Pressure groups must be listened to in order for the businesses to know what to improve on and what other stakeholders want from them. Trade unions are also an important stakeholder because company’s want to know what their workers want in order for them to do their best ability when doing their job. These stakeholders all must work together in order for the business to run smoothly. One problem can complicate relationships between other stakeholders which can put a stop to the business. Recommendations * I recommend that Tescos and Harrods listen to customer concerns and take them on board, acting on them to the extent that customers stop complaining, because they are the main source of income and they are vital to the business. I recommend that Tescos and Harrods treat all employees fairly and listen to what they want so they are treated with respect. If all the employees get what they want it makes sure that they are comfortable when doing their job and there will be no complaints. * I recommend that suppliers keep a good relationship with the business so they maintain a contract with them that will always keep them in business. Doing this will also return in the businesses favour because if Tesco needed something on short notice the suppliers might be able to get the product to them quicker.

Personal identity

Personal identity Personal identity starts at the moment of conception, within time personal identity can change or not change. The change in identity differs in many instances by causes of psychological, physical or environmental changes in the person life. As life progresses in time people tend to change their views on many issues and identity is involved with those issues. Day to day activities also play an important role on a persons present or prior identity by being exposed to different elements encountered within their mind while operating in these activities. The mind is the most important influential part of a person to establish their identity thru time present or future. The identity is very important for the well being of a person in their everyday life, at work, and even with their relaintionships. When it comes to philosophy Personal Identity is a very broad and extensive topic, many philosopher have their own views on the issue. On the other hand my personal choice for this paper has to be a very well known philosopher by the name of John Locke who was one of the greatest in Europe in the late 1600s and early 1700s until his death. John Locker was born into the stage in Europe which was called the Enlightenment in which he helped find the identity of Thomas Jefferson to the idea of the Declaration Of Independence by stating this â€Å"men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. With these words stated by Thomas Jefferson, John Locke began his successful thrill of Philosophy and the issue of Personal Identity. As Locke explains his version of Personal Identity he explains it in a higher power and often relies on faith, as opposed to science, to aid him in his major life decisions by using his personal identity. John Lockes views on personal identity are set out in the selection, Of Identity and Diversity, taken from his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In this essay he talks about humans are able to understand by applying his theories and ideas. John Locke had his heart of personal identity in Section 9 of his essay in which he states his idea of a person is that of a thinking, intelligent (rational) being with consciousness of itself (self-consciousness). The notion of a thinking intelligent being amounts to this.While John Locke had his opinion and theories on personal identity other philosophers do too.In reference Identity is very complex and it has no set definition everyone agrees on. Sarup (1996) talks about identity by using the example of a passport. This may include a photog raph of the person as well as other details including nationality, a persons full name and date-of-birth. While a passport is a form of identity it does not express who you are as a person. It â€Å"shows you who you are so that you can be recognized in a bureaucratic sense† (Sarup, 1996). Sarup the author states â€Å" that identity is to do with who one thinks one is, what one believes and what one does†. While Kidd another author believes that â€Å"identity† relates to how we think about ourselves as people, how we think about other people around us and what we think others think of us. In other words, the ability to â€Å"figure out† (Kidd, 2002)who we are as a person. Kidd the other author states that we are shaped by our culture, and we shape it and perpetuate in it in our day-to-day lives. Although culture and identity are often linked they are, in fact, different in many ways than one . â€Å"With culture representing the ‘macro pattern- t he bigger picture- and ‘identity representing the smaller more ‘micro meanings we have as individuals† ( Kidd, 2002, p.7). In my personal identity I have experienced many facets within my 25 years of living in this earth.My personal identity has been developing each minute of the day,as well as days on and in years.In my readings and research I personally coincide with authors who state that personal identity is divided by two subsets.These two subsets are characterized by experience and learning.On the contrary to Lockes beliefs I feel these two subsets characterize my personal identitys growth.According to Wenger, identity can be seen as a negotiated experience, which is developed through engagement in practice in which gives us â€Å"certain experiences of participation and what our communities pay attention to makes us as participants† (Wenger, 1998). â€Å"Identity in practice is defined socially not merely because it is believed in a social discourse of the self and of social categories, but also because it is produced as a lived experience of participation in the specific communities† (Wenger, 1998, p.151). Learning is a very crucial item people should encounter because it benefits us in the long run when it comes to our daily lives and personal encounters and relaintionships.The many things ive learned thru out my years has set out to my advantage and my personal identity .While working for different companies and organizations my personal identity has differed in each setting because I had a different role in each one.Having different roles in each of my jobs,my personal identity had to change in time in order for my tenure their to be successful and keep up with the rest of the laborers.According to the author Wenger â€Å"A sense of a learning trajectory gives us ways of sorting out what matters and what does not, what contributes to identity and what remains marginal† (Wenger, 1998, p.155). When we speak of ones personal identity we speak as what makes us the person that we are.Our identity consists of what makes us unique and different as an individual and from others.According to Locke personal identity does not involve the body at all,the person could be involved by his soul.If such would occur Locke suggested that the person could be transferred by his own soul.However personal identity to Locke cannot be equated with the identity of a thinking substance either because the identity doesnt follow the identity of the soul ,but follows the set of individual thoughts it contains.Here is an excerpt of one Lockes essay where he states the personal identity would follow the thoughts themselves, and not the thinking substance. â€Å" Let any one reflect upon himself,and conclude,that he has in himself an immaterial Spirit,which is that which thinks in him,and in the constant change of his body keeps him the same;and is that which he calls himself: Let him also suppose it to be the same soul,that was in Nestor or Thersites, at the Siege Of Troy.But he,now having no consciousness of any of the Actions either of Nestor or Thersites,does,or can he,conceive himself the same person with either of them? Can he be concerned in either of their actions?Attribute them to himself, or think them his own more than the actions of any other man,that ever existed?But let him once find himself conscious of any of the actions of Nestor,he then finds himself the same person with Nestor.†(Section 15).Since we know and read that Locke rejects that the identity of a person is the identity of an immaterial substance or soul.For Locke at every moment you could have a different soul,thoughts,or a different thinker and still have the same person see.(Section 25) Another rejection by Locke is the idea the the identity of a man is needed for the identity of the person.It wouldnt be necessary since you could have the same person in two different beings as he states in the Prince and the Cobbler story. â€Å"For should the soul of a prince,carrying with it the consciousness of the princes past life,enter and inform the body of a cobbler,as soon as deserted by his own soul,everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince.†(Section 15). For Locke personal identity is not enough if it doesnt include the identity of consciousness.According to Locke consciousness is the ideas that a soul entertains,not in the soul that entertains them.The most important part of consciousness is memory,since memory can remember the actions and experiences of some past person,from the perspective of that person,then one thereby qualifies as identical with that person.To Locke he describes personal identity as a â€Å"forensic† notion.(Section 26).While most philosophers and philosophy get confused with his identity of consciousness Locke stated†For since consciousness always accompanies thinking,and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self,and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things:in this along consists consists personal identity and as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought,so far reaches the identity of that person;it is the same self now it was then;and it is by the same self with this present one that now reflects on it,that that action was done.†(Section 9). Overtime John Locke has been criticized by his theories and his way of thinking by fellow philosophers and other entities.Thomas Reid has a view that is similar to Descartes in which a person who is a simple indivisible substance that has no temporal or spatial parts.Thomas Reid states that â€Å"My personal identity implies the continued existence of that indivisible thing which I can myself.Whatever this self may be,it is something which thinks,and deliberates,and resolves,and acts and suffers.I am not thought,I am not action, I am not action,I am not feeling;I am something that thinks,and acts and suffers.My thoughts,and actions,and feelings change every moment;they have no continues,but a successive,existence that self or I,to which they belong,is permanent,and has the same relation to all the succeeding thoughts,actions,and feelings which I call mine.† Reid argues that memory is the evidence for personal identity,but not the basis of personal identity.Reid developed seve ral arguments which go against John Lockes memory is the basis of personal identity.The four main arguments that Reide goes against Locke are: The Duplication problem which states one person may be identity with more than one person. The Brave Soldier Paradox which a man may be ,and at the same time not be,the person that did a particular action. The problem of removing reward punishment and responsibility. The minor objection that confuses consciousness with memory.

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report This experiment was done to determine the amount of chloride ions present in a known Sodium Chloride sample and an unknown sample by Argentometric method. Silver nitrate solution of 0.2 M was added slowly to the aqueous solution of 0.50 g test sample while continuously stirring and the chloride was precipitated as silver chloride. This precipitate was filtered, dried and weighed. Then the average percentage of chloride present in the known NaCl and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.98% respectively. Introduction of gravimetric determination of chloride The use of silver nitrate to form the precipitate of silver chloride and gravimetrically determine the amount of chloride present in the sample is one of the most common methods employed in lab. Any inorganic compound containing halogen can be made into aqueous solution and treated by silver nitrate to obtain the precipitates of silver halide. The reaction involved is as follows: Ag+  +  X−  (aq) → AgX (precipitate) where  X−  =  Cl−,  Br−, or  I−. In this lab, chloride salt was used as test sample. The salts (both known and unknown) were treated with silver nitrate to obtain white precipitates of silver chloride. The silver chloride was initially formed as colloidal solution. After subsequent heating, nucleation process was dominated by particle growth and the precipitates separated out as coagulated mass. During this procedure, the pH of the solution is kept slightly acidic by addition of Nitric acid. The acidic pH eliminates the interference by anions (like carbonate and sulphides) of weak acid (www.wikipedia.org). Otherwise, these anions can from sparingly soluble silver salt in neutral pH. Similarly, the silver nitrate is also added in a little excess to enhance the formation and diminish the solubility of silver chloride (Le Chateliers Principle). Moreover, the combined action of moderately high pH and slightly excess silver nitrate promotes the coagulation of the silver chloride precipitate by formation of dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). During the experiment, if the precipitate of silver chloride is exposed to light, it photo-decomposes to give elemental silver and chlorine gas. The elemental silver (violet color seen in precipitate) combines with other chloride ion to from silver chloride. However, due to the chloride that escaped as gas, the product is lost and that gives low yield (www.cooper.edu). Although, in practice, the amount of silver chloride nitrate that decomposed is negligible, it is better to avoid exposure to direct light. The photodecomposition formula is as follows: 2 AgCl (s)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  2 Ag (s) + Cl2  (g) 3 C12  (aq) + 3 H2O (l) + 5 Ag+  (aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  5 AgCl (s) + C1O3-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) Materials and Methods: Materials: Equipments Three 400 mL Beakers Three fritted funnels Heating plate Graduated cylinder Aluminum foil Analytical balance Hot oven Desiccators Chemicals Sodium Chloride (0.50 g) Unknown sample (0.50 g) Silver nitrate solution (0.2 M) Nitric acid (concentrated and 6 M) Ammonium Hydroxide or Ammonia in water (6 M) Distilled water Methods: Procedure Three 400 mL beakers and three fritted funnels were cleaned, dried and labeled properly. By using the analytical balance 0.50 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt was weighed and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water in each beaker. Slowly, with continuous stirring, 0.2 M of silver nitrate was added to each beaker until the coagulation of silver chloride was observed. Then, 3 to 6 mL of 6 M of nitric acid was added to each beaker. The mixtures in the beakers were heated to digest the solution for ten minutes. Small volume of silver nitrate was added periodically while heating the beakers until the solution stopped becoming cloudy upon the addition of silver nitrate, confirming that the reaction was complete. The precipitate of each beaker was filtered through the pre-weighed fritted funnel. The precipitates were washed up to eight times with distilled water mixed with 0.5% of 6 M Nitric acid. (1 mL concentrated HNO3 in 200 mL distilled water). The funnels along with their contents were wrapped in the aluminum foil and placed in the oven at 120oC for ninety minutes. The funnels were taken out and placed in desiccators to cool to room temperature. The mass of the fritted funnels and their respective contents were determined by using analytical balance and subtracting the weight of fritted funnel from that of fritted funnel and its contents combined. All the above procedures were repeated fro the unknown sample. Cleaning fritted funnel Concentrated nitric acid was allowed to stand in each funnel for five minutes. Using a vacuum the acid was drawn out and disposed in proper waste container. Each crucible was rinsed with three portion of water. Then, 5 mL of 6 M ammonium hydroxide was added, and after five minutes it was drawn out through the filter. Each crucible was rinsed with six to eight portion distilled water. The crucibles were placed in oven at 110oC for about ninety minutes to dry them to constant weight. The funnels were taken out and cooled in the desiccators. The crucibles were weighed, three times each, to ensure they give constant mass. (If not, heating and drying wouldve been repeated.) Results: Sample weight = 0.050 g Gravimetric factor (GF)= Cl− formula weight/AgCl formula weight = 35.45/143.3214 = 0.2473 Percentage of Chloride = Wight of AgCl precipitate weighed (g) * G.F. * 100 Sample weight (g) Discussion of gravimetric determination of chloride: The percentage of Chloride in the known sodium chloride salt and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.977% respectively via gravimetric method. In theory, the percentage of chloride in sodium chloride salt is 60.66%. The variation in the percentage of chloride in the known sample may have been resulted by impurity in the sample or due to the random error during experiment. This experiment is the classical example of the precipitation reaction where the formation of dielectric layer of silver chloride stabilized by nitrate ions takes place. Upon the addition of silver nitrate in the aqueous solution of the salt, the formation of the silver chloride occurs as a colloid. Slightly excess silver nitrate is added and also nitric acid is added to raise the concentration of the nitrate ion in the solution for two reasons. The first reason is to prevent the solubility of the silver chloride precipitates that are formed as precipitate. The second reason is to enhance particle growth and the formation of the dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). The precipitates formed are formed as colloids. Since colloids are stable molecules, it is necessary to heat, stir and add more electrolyte (nitrate) to obtain particle growth by the process of adsorption. The colloid obtained is made of silver chloride as primary adsorption layer and nitrate ions make up the counter-ion layer to stabilize the system. Continued heating ruptures the counter ion layer and promotes stabilization by the nitrate ions produced by the addition of slightly excess silver nitrate and nitric acid (Skoog, 317-319). However, addition of too much silver nitrate is avoided to prevent the co-precipitation of the silver nitrate. Nitric acid is used in the reaction mixture as well as to wash the precipitates formed. Washing with nitric acid ensures that the precipitates will be preserved because washing with water may dissolve it (Lab Handout). The precipitate thus obtained was weighed to determine the percentage of chloride present in the starting sample. This process can be employed quantitatively to determine the purity of the sample. In many cases, precipitation reaction of silver halides is qualitatively used to identify whether the inorganic compound consists of halides. In this lab however, the silver nitrate was used to quantitatively determine the percentage of chloride present in the samples. The known sample of Sodium chloride seems to have impurity because it gave more percentage of chloride than theoretically expected. But, the identity of unknown sample was unknown and jus by analyzing the percentage of chloride ion nothing can be said about its identity.

Characters in A Perfect Day for Bananafish by J.D. Salinger Essay

Characters in A Perfect Day for Bananafish by J.D. Salinger The characters in Salinger?s ?A Perfect Day for Bananafish? seem to exist in opposite worlds. On one hand, Salinger creates Muriel to represent materialism and superficiality and on the other hand, he creates Sybil to provide justification of the child-like innocence rarely found in society. Salinger?s main character, Seymour, is aware of the superficiality expressed in Muriel?s world and chooses not to be apart of it. Seymour wants to be a part of the simple immaterial world that Sybil represents. Nevertheless, Seymour find himself trapped between two worlds unable to regain the one he desires. Therefore, Salinger bases ?A Perfect Day for Bananafish? on Seymour?s disillusionment with life and his inability to regain a child-like perception of the world. Salinger?s portrayals Seymour and his world are described below. Sybil is composed of all the characteristics Seymour is seeking. She is young, innocent and childlike and therefore not polluted by the materialism, mistrust and snobbery known to society. Furthermore, her actions suggest that she relates to Seymour because he seems to act like a child somewhat similar to herself (for example Sybil feels secure around Seymour but feels insecure when sitting with her own mother). This would imply that Seymour does not appear abnormal to her because she, unlike most, she has the ability to see through his exterior and is not intimidated by what she has found. In the later part of the story she continually repeats the phase ?see more glass?(10) using the term ?glass? to describe her own unique ability to see through the transparency of superficial people (much like her own mother). What Seymour respects... ...g that was originally molded to portray the image society would expect of a ?Lady? of her caliber. In turn, it does not seem to matter who Muriel is in Salingers?s story but what she represents. In conclusion, Seymour is similar to the bananafish as he swam his way up the stream of life ingesting the materialism and superficiality that past him on his journey. Half way up the stream he stopped pondered why he had even bothered in the first place. Now he cannot go back down the stream (to Sybil) against the current and cannot bear to continue (with Muriel). At this point Seymour is described as having ?banana fever? or becoming so engulfed in materialism. His only rational option would be to stay in the banana hole and die. Work Cited Salinger, J.D. Nine Stories: A Perfect Day for Bananafish. United States: Little, Brown and Company Limited, 1991.

Mending Wall Essay -- essays research papers

In â€Å"Mending Wall†, Robert Frost made us aware that something doesn’t love the wall in the beginning of the poem, the wall that symbolizes boundary and obstacle between people. Although this restrictive wall gives protection and a feeling of safety for the people who are inside it, it also creates a huge barrier to the people who are on the outside. The only difference between a physical wall and an imaginary barrier is that a physical wall will eventually fall apart as time goes by, but the emotional one on the other hand will only get bigger. Does Frost agree with his neighbor on the perspective of relationship between people, or do they each hold a different idea?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem, Frost and his neighbor had a relatively short conversation. We can see that there is a sense of separation between them. Frost rarely talks to his neighbor, and the only time they ever have a chance to communicate is when they are repairing the fences. This lack of communication and understanding gradually builds up an invisible barrier between them. This invisible barrier that stands between keeps them separate. Even when they are working together fixing the wall, they are staying one on a side of the wall. It seems that Frost enjoys working with his neighbor separately when he says â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game, one on a side†. However Frost also gives us a feeling that there is other meaning to it. A game very often symbolizes a competition, or a fight. We c...

Abington Hill Toys

ABINGTON-HILL TOYS, INC. 1. INTRODUCTION Abington-Hill Toys’ new president, Vernon Albright, hires a new company comptroller, David Hartly. Hartly’s first task was to complete an analysis of the firm’s condition and generate financial planning for the company. 2. METHODOLOGY A. Current ratio B. Acid-test ratio C. Inventory Turnover Ratio D. Debt-Equity ratio E. Gross Margin F. Net Profit Margin G. Z Score 3. SOLUTION A. 280,000/290,000=. 97 B. 130,000/290,000=. 45 C. 900,000/150,000=6 D. 490,000/710,000=. 69 E. 300,000/1,200,000=. 25 F. 60,480/1,200,000=. 05 G. 1. (-10,000/1,200,000)+1. 4(60,480/1,200,000)+3. 3(126,000/1,200,000)+ 1. 05(1,200,000/1,200,000)=1. 46 4. CONCLUSION The current ratio of . 97 means for every $. 97 of current assets, Abington Hill Toys has $1 of current liabilities. Since the current ratio is less than the standard of 3. 5, Abington Hill Toys implies a high risk and a probable incapability to generate sufficient working capital to meet i ts short-term needs. The acid-test ratio of . 45 is less than half of its current ratio which means Abington Hill Toys’ inventory comprises of more than half of its current assets.The inventory turnover ratio of 6 is higher than 5 which is the standard for companies in this industry. Since this ratio is higher than average, Abington Hill Toys is showing strong sales. The higher than standard inventory ratio could also mean ineffective buying of inventory. The debt-equity ratio of . 69 means Abington Hill Toys has $. 69 of debt to every dollar of equity. This would put them in at a lower risk to enhance financial leverage. The gross margin is at 25%. This means Abington Hill Toys is only profiting 25% above their direct costs. This is equivalent to the standard of other companies in this industry.The net profit margin of 5% is less than the standard of 8%. Abington Hill Toys’ net profit margin means equity holders will only receive 5% from every dollar after all expense s, interest, and taxes are paid. The low Z score of 1. 46 would sway me to not lend the money. By Altman’s scale, Abington Hill Toys has a 95% chance of going into bankruptcy in 12 months. Along with the high probability of going into bankruptcy within 12 months, the net profit margin of 5% doesn’t seem worthwhile. I would rather invest in something safer for that low of a return.

Favourite Movie Essay

My favourite movie is 3 idiot. 3 Idiots is adapted from a Chetan Bhagat’s novel. It is not just a story of 3 engineering students. The movie also presents the struggles of life that people have to face in their lives. The movie portrays how the human struggle for existence begins with the birth of a child. The child opens his eyes in the world to see the expectations floating in the eyes of his parents who want their children to become Engineer, Doctor, IAS, or some other officer, and glorify their family name. The movie effectively highlights the problem of parents pushing their children to choose what they don’t like and make them forget or ignore their hobbies that could have become a great profession for them. This happens overhere with Farhan who wanted to be a wildlife photographer. He could never do well in engineering but once he took up his hobby as profession he never looked back and established new milestones of success. On the other hand, Raju represents the class of children who under the burden of expectations of their parents start to fear failure. This ultimately kills their confidence and leads to their failure. This fear of failure sometimes forces them to take extreme steps as it happens with Raju who tries to commit suicide. But once he gains back his confidence he starts to taste success in whatever he endeavors. The film also depicts that life at engineering colleges is not fun; they have to deal with some serious problems including struggle to get good grades, ragging and mental pressure that forces a student to commit suicide. So I learnt a lot of things from this movie and the most motivating dialogue of this movie told by Rancho â€Å"Don’t run after success, be capable and success will come running after you† motivated me a lot in my life. Last of all I want to say that individual performances, screenplay, direction, editing to cinematography, especially melodious songs gave a perfection to this movie and made this movie, my favourite movie.

Book Review on Home by Marilynne Robinson Essay

Lost and alone, will Glory and Jack find themselves? Will they know what family truly means? Perhaps, all they simply need is one another and their father. Glory had been grief-stricken, being left by the man she trusted, leaving her with nothing but to return to the old house in Iowa, where her frail dad lives alone. There she was, feeling neglected and worthless while, along with her father, awaits the surprising return of her long lost brother, Jack. A man with a troubled past and in an uncertain state, Jack comes home looking distressed but grateful. He was different among his siblings ever since, enjoying the thrill of creating troubles but deep inside, he is a good and caring person. Unfortunately, guilt has eaten him. Remorse caused by the wrong decisions he had made towards his dear ones and the unwillingness to forgive himself. While the two are battling their own wars, their father is trying to make amends with them because he, too, is feeling like a failure as a dad, especially to Jack. He was not a perfect father but he tried to be, wanting what was best for his children. The return of Jack has turned the three lives around and also Ames and his family’s. It has opened the eyes and heart of each one, addressing to their many concerns and problems, internally and within the family. Jack and Glory had both found a confidant in each other, helping cure their personal pains little by little. The simple gestures and conversations they had had built a growing bond between brother and sister. The love and care shown to each other and their dad had compensated the past sorrows they had experienced. These have made Jack and Glory whole again, being the person they once were or hoped to be. After everything the Boughtons have gone through, all the troubles and heartaches, they were finally able to feel what happiness is through the realization that the family is the most important thing in one’s life because here, there is unconditional love and trust. Family is where they have found themselves, a place where they can truly call home. Analysis Nothing can compare to a family’s love for one another. Home is a novel about family. Robert Boughton had constant questions and worries about his children. He always seemed tired because of the sadness and guilt he feels for thinking he was a failure as a father. He has troubled children, showing that one raised in a Christian home has no certainty that he/she will lead a Christian life. It still depends on one’s own choice and apparently, Jack has not made the right ones. He has finally come home, but was almost unrecognizable and distant. He felt undeserving and surprised for being treated so well, though have caused much trouble, because he led a hard life while away. Jack is a good person, as mentioned by Ames who is evidently most irritated at him, knowing he has committed many mistakes and trying to become a better person. He struggles everyday with his dilemmas, feeling like a disgrace to the family, and wanting to be at peace but can’t seem to find it. Slowly, with his family’s help, he began to heal and change, but not wholly up until the end. Jack left, as suggested by his caring brother Teddy, for the sake of their ailing father. He did not want to cause anymore trouble and see his father suffer, but he did agree to come home if he needs help, realizing that families are forever. Both Teddy and Glory will be there. â€Å"But the soul finds its own home if it even has a home at all† Glory, like Jack, is lost, alone and bitter. She carries on life with a heavy heart, as she takes care of her ailing father and a problematic brother. Feeling hopeless, she seeks attention and fortunately, her two brothers show it to her. She understands Jack, but not completely because of his secretive character and he, too, understood her, her feelings and battles. As the story progresses, there was a growing bond between brother and sister, whether it was taking care of their father or sharing thoughts and opinions, though avoiding to bring up the pressing issues amongst them. Nevertheless, they became better individuals because of each other. The Lord truly is wonderful! The story was ordered chronologically, with the occasional recalling of the past. It started with the return of Glory and Jack until his leaving. It is equally about Glory’s and Jack’s internal conflict. The story revolves around overcoming the misfortunes each has encountered, due to appalling decisions, through the understanding and care of family. Another internal conflict was the minister, feeling like a failure as a dad. With these being the main plots, the subplots would be the relationship of Jack and Ames, together with his family, and the coming home of Teddy. The external problem was the coming home of Jack and Glory. He seemed distracted, causing worry to his sister and father and she, left unmarried, cheated, and alone. The narration of the story is character-based since the plot unfolds through the opinions and decisions made by the characters, not from having this setting to the next. No doubt that the story reflects religion, the uncertainty that everyone feels about it because there, as mentioned by Ames, is no absolute knowledge on what it really is. The stories among the characters parallel some characters and stories in the Bible such as David, Lazarus and The Prodigal Son. The plot evolved from the slight change in emotions. Glory began to feel needed and responsible in making her brother feel better and her father well, while Jack felt being part of the family. He saw and realized that his family would accept him for who he is and would try to do everything to make him feel welcome. In the outside, the plot was about the coming home and duties of both Glory and Jack, visiting of Ames and Teddy, and the parting of Jack. There were a lot of themes in the story such as guilt, loneliness, resentment and religion, but the main theme was the importance of the relationship among family members. It can help make everything much better, though slowly but surely. The theme is based from the belief of Robinson and I, definitely, agree with her. Family is the basic unit of society and is the foundation of every individual. The relationship among members should be strong in order for all of them to be stable and complete as each individual. Personal Application/Impression Home was a hard read. Though an avid reader, the book was more complicated and confusing compared to the fiction novels I normally read. The words have so much meaning and the plots were not written in a sequence, leaving me puzzled. I soon began to understand the context of the story and the meaning of those sentences that seemed too long after reading more. Marilynne Robinson writes Home in a reminiscing manner and with thorough explanations of the actions done by the characters. I have never read a novel as defined as this, enabling me to imagine the exact happenings in the story. Home has touched me, making me appreciate my family even more. I can feel the characters’ experiences when it comes to family, their effort to become closer and trying to offer help. It takes me from keeping my own problems to sharing it with my family because I now truly realize that they would accept me for who I am and help me with my troubles. The characters acted the way people actually do in real life and the settings were a possibility. Home truly is a beautiful and moving book, showing the importance of family. However; I did not enjoy the writing as much, though the storyline and intention of the author was wonderful. It was written with much effort, but a little too dragging and confusing. Maybe it was confusing because partly, I did not get to read the first book, Gilead, but the plots did jump from one to the other. Note that it is a must to read Gilead first for better understanding and appreciation of Home. The developing of the story was slow and some do enjoy that type of writing but I don’t so, it was a little dragging. It was hard to turn to the next page if the ending of a page is not as interesting. Robinson built a sturdy plot but bores some readers like me. It did not have action in every page but again, it is interesting for those who love to imagine being the character himself. A well-written novel, but no work of fiction is perfect for everybody.

Tennis Ball Drop

Tennis Ball Inquiry Goal Purpose When received this lab we had to come up with an experiment that would have to involve testing two tennis balls but one of the tennis ball had to be altered in one way. The way we tested the tennis ball was by dropping them from a certain height and seeing how high they bounce back up. We then would make a graph and then see the relationship between the data.Once finding the relationship we can then linearity the data. This was initial practice for our next ELSE. Variables Our independent variable for this experiment was the height we had dropped tooth of the tennis balls from. The dependent variable was the tennis balls. One of them we left untouched and the other one was soaked In water before each drop. Procedure To setup the experiment we had to use three meter sticks and two standard tennis balls.We took all three of the meter sticks aligning them vertically up against the wall. Taping them into place we were then able to use them to measure the height of the dropping point. Using our eye sight we had to determine how far up the ball bounced up on the meter stick. We then proceeded to find three appropriate heights to drop then tennis ball at. Dropping it three times at each height and then averaging the data. On the soaked tennis ball we would soak the ball for two seconds before each drop.We also measured the weight of each ball before dropping them. After doing this 3 times each and receiving our averages we were able to create our data and see the relationship between the two. Data The ball that wasn't soaked weighed and average of 5. 4 grams. The soaked ball averaged the weight of 5. 9 grams.

Demonstrative Communication Essay

Communication is often defined as the transmission of sending and receiving messages; connecting with individuals through the exchange of messages, thoughts, speech, signals, behavior, or writing. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal, written or visual. Oral communication includes spoken words and writing dialogues. Not involving or using words of speech is known as nonverbal communication. Facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, or gestures are part of nonverbal communication. Written communication can be through e-mails, reports, articles and many other ways. Facial expressions are a form of demonstrative communication. Communicating includes different facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language to deliver the message. A smile is an example of a positive facial expression, and a frown will be viewed in a more negative manner. Some interpret a grin as arrogance, which obviously would have a negative effect. The audience could take this in the wrong manner and create an isolated situation. Depending on the subject that is being discussed it is up to the lecturer to bring out the right facial expressions. If the subject relies on a more serious matter, the lecturer should not frown but instead maintain a serious face to get the point across. If there is a sense of comedy in the discussion or presentation, the lecturer needs to maintain some laughter as well as smiling during the presentation. Body language is another form of demonstrative communication. Body language can push to be very successful in many situations including social interaction and communication with people. A negative type of body language would be someone crossing their arms. Even if the intention and words are still good, the body language over powers that and the audience still views this as a negative vibe. Another important and effective part of body language is eye contact. When lecturing to an audience, direct eye contact with the audience indicates confidence and a vast knowledge of the topic of discussion. Hand gestures and moving back and forth in front of an audience during a lecture can be helpful to keep the attention of the audience. These nonverbal forms of communication add to the message the lecturer is trying to get across. However, moving too much can cause a negative affect because it can cause a distraction. Nonverbal communication is very important to our communication process. Included in nonverbal communication are things such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even the tone of one’s voice. During a lecture, the speaker will use different methods to get with the audience, playing a big role as well will be one’s voice and how it is used to relay the message. One can change the tone and tempo of talking; and can connect with the audience more effectively. When we speak, other people can â€Å"read† our voices in addition to listening to our words. These nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings and intentions. When speaking to an audience maintaining the focus of the group is important. Raising our voice when losing the attention of the audience is a technique used to emphasize a particular point during a lecture. When a speaker talks in a monotone voice there is a chance of quickly losing the attention of the group the lecturer is speaking too and can cause to miss important parts of the lecture. Demonstrative communication as a sender means showing and saying what we want them to hear. By saying to the audience that the lecturer needs them to listen better, as the lecturer is looking at the phone is like saying one thing and showing the audience another, proving the distractions are not good for either side. Also it would be important not to have a big smile on one’s face or to look as if they are laughing. In contrast, by the lecturer telling the audience that they need them to listen better while looking them in the eye and being firm with the tone of voice and holding a straight and focused look, the lecturer is communicating to them via mouth, eyes, and tone of voice that the audience needs to listen and pay attention. Also during this communication, it would be good to expect feedback from the audience. This would show the audience that one is serious, and could show the lecturer if the audience is truly paying attention and show how well the audience will receive the information being communicated to them. The receiver would need to hold eye contact to show that they understand the information. In conclusion, creating the ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is very effective. Using body language to carry out positive feelings would help you express one’s thought out to the public a little easier. Therefore, being able to communicate send and receive a massage thoroughly with the audience being able to understand. Using facial expressing such as body movement, eye contact is a very effective way to demonstrative communication. REFERENCES Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace.

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a Essay

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment - Essay Example Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment Some of theorists has different ideas they said that self interest would require for a business to fulfil the law and adhere to essential ethical rules, because the cost of fading to do so might be extremely expensive in fines, loss of licensure, or company status. The economist Milton Friedman was an important advocate of this vision. Other theorists argue that a business has ethical duties that expand well past serving the comfort of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than just following the law. They think a business has ethical responsibilities to supposed stakeholders, people who have a concern in the manner of the business, which might comprise employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. They would state that stakeholders have firm privileges with regard to how the business works, and several would even propose that this even comprise rights of governance. The confirmation and fraction of the problem is the scarcity of data is varied. Surely, people are more aware of ethics in business. There is extra conversation between managers, and a few high-profile cases of companies doing their top to do the correct thing. But what is mainly astonishing is how little things have in reality changed. As ethics codes are commonplace, ethical mores remains all too uncommon. Information on whistleblowers specifies that for the most part are still disliked by their company and aristocracy, with many anguish relegation or absolute job loss. Accounting and responsibility have been the main concerns for restores belief, yet as recently as last quarter, the central accounting supervisory body in the U.S. reported that up to half of the yearly reports for 2004 had severe indiscretion in them. Clients are too sending diverse signals. They are usually smarter regarding ethical reflections yet do not essentially pursue through their concerns or morals in getting decisions. In the U.K., which has perhaps the most developed methods and trainings for business responsibility, sales for ethical brands are exploding, albeit from a tiny base. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility in general designates an enterprise's actions health and safety, ecological protection, customer security, society development, dealer relations, labour protection and personnel practices, as well as strategy sort such as production authority, business morals and stakeholder privileges. Stakeholders and the community in general are more and more aware of the impact of decisions by corporations on community and the surroundings. People recompense or penalize venture according to the means corporation's address commune's challenges. For their part, ventures are even more reaping the profits of corporate social responsibility in terms of enhanced status and branding, superior assessment by the investment community and stronger monetary act and profitability, for instance through eco-efficiency. Milton Friedman Friedman "was the most powerful economist of the second half of the 20th centurypossibly of all of it". (Alan Greenspan) "There are incredibly not many individuals over the generations who contain ideas that are suitably unique to significantly change the way of

Australian National Fund Raising Organization Association Essay

Australian National Fund Raising Organization Association - Essay Example Our group will use many techniques to raise funds for our events and they will be discussed below. Our group is planning two separate events in order to raise funds. There are two broad segments of the society that can be used to raise funds. One segment consists of adults of over 35 years of age and the other is the younger segment which comprises of young people from ages 16 to 35. Our group is planning to make use of both these segments to raise money for our fundraiser. For adults, we are planning a dinner reception where they will get a chance to socialize. In the dinner, notable members will be given a chance to say something for the cause of poverty. The dinner reception will be formal as its target market is mature adult people who will be willing to spend their money on donations. Another, often neglected in terms of fundraising, the segment of the society that can contribute to charity is the younger generation. Young people can also play a big role in raising money given that fundraising is done keeping in mind their needs. Our group is planning to hold a party for the younger population in order to raise funds for the poor. We will be selling food, drinks, and other items in the party in order to raise funds. Different techniques will be used to raise funds for both the events. Older and younger people have different demands and perceptions, and it is vital to plan fundraisers accordingly in order to raise sufficient amounts of a fund. In the dinner reception funds will be raised by tickets and donations. People will be sold tickets and they will be communicated that the money we get from the tickets will go to the charity. In the dinner reception, we will also ask people to donate money towards the cause. Speeches will be made to motivate them to raise money. In the dinner reception, we will offer people drinks, appetizers, and dinner so that people have enough time to socialize, and we can raise more and more money. Donations will be our main target because most of the money from tickets will be used to cover expenses that will be incurred in arranging for the venue and dinner for guests.  Ã‚  

Changes in the United States after the Civil War Research Paper

Changes in the United States after the Civil War - Research Paper Example These changes are visible in political, economic as well as social fields. A new scenario was visible during this war, which had eventually changed the life of the citizens. The causes of the war are numerous, but fortunately, the changes that took place thereafter proved to be more positive than those the earlier wars had brought. This paper addresses the changes within the country after the Civil War. Thesis Statement: The American Civil War gained individuals their rights and freedom as well as brought about many economical changes that helped to shape America. The causes of Civil War were identified to be numerous but the main causes among them were found to be slavery, economic and social differences within the country, issues regarding rights of the states, and the election of Abraham Lincoln. The economic and social differences between the southern and northern parts of the country also contributed to the war, as the latter region was characterized by industrialization and urb anization while the former was an agrarian economy. The industrialized northern part had an advantage over the other and, thus, they won the war. The country’s rights were limited as the federal government enjoyed more power and this induced a protest against the federal government, therefore, causing the Civil War. ... 6). Economical Changes: The economic changes succeeding any war are found to be negative as the destruction caused by the war pull back the economic condition of a country since a huge amount of cost is involved. â€Å"The struggle to define the composition of â€Å"the people† and the republic in the new postwar and post-emancipation South was hardly settled by the American Civil War. But there was no going back. It was not just that slavery was abolished and the confederacy destroyed, but that the slaveholders’ stunning experiment in proslavery and antidemocratic nation building was over† (McCurry 2010, p. 361). Devastating economic changes were visible on both regions, but the southern part witnessed more destruction comparatively. The Civil War proved to be more costly, but later, economic transformation was mainly visible in the lives of planters, former slaves, and non slave whites. Mostly all the plantations in the southern region were destroyed in the war . Likewise, in the northern region, many big cities were destroyed including Richmond and Vicksburg. The youth labor force was less due to the atrocities of the war and therefore the country could offer only a weakened labor force. The economic condition of the country remained below the poverty line for several decades. The southern part still remained agrarian but the relation between the laborers and planters witnessed a change for the better. The major reason for this change was found to be abolition of slavery, which in turn led to a decrease in racial discrimination. The former black slaves who worked on lands owned by whites, after war, could work on their own lands. The economic changes were seen to be negative as the economic resources got destroyed during the war. Individual’s