Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay

It is beneficial for a business to collect a variety of data to gain an understating of its performance to satisfy compliance legislation. However the information collected needs to be useful, relevant and selective. Raw data collected can be converted into useful information. It is important for human resources (HR) to collect data to meet legal requirements, keep necessary contact details of employees, records all contractual arrangements and to provide supporting information in the event of a claim that may be made against an organisation. It also supports an organisation when making decisions. Data can be collected in two different types of formats within an organisation. These are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative is data collected numerically which allows for data to be measured and calculated. Quantitative is a descriptive method of collecting data. This type of data can be observed but not measured. These two different types of data support HR practices in a number of different ways, such as, showing patterns of absence relating to employees, highlighting any learning and development requirements that an individual may require, trends’ in staff turnover and key performance indicators. Customer feedback can also be obtained to allow a business to improve it services and costs can also be easily monitored. HR data can be stored by a number of different methods each having advantages and disadvantages. Data can be stored electronically and non-electronically. Storing data electronically can be beneficial as it is easy to access, can be shared easily and takes up less space. Online HR systems are available to employees where data and information can be added and updated by an individual and also can be accessed by one or more people such as line managers. This is useful for appraisals and monitoring performance. Storing data electronically through databases is also more secure than manual documents. Sorting data manually such as diaries, word processing documents and paper based surveys also has its benefits as it can be more cost effective to a business and cannot be easily lost where electronic data could be. Also employees require less training to store and organise manual data. There is an array of different UK legislations currently enforced relating to data and legislation is in place to enforce correct storing, recording and accessibility of data. One of these UK legislations are The Data Protection Act, The information commissioner has produced a code of conduct relating to the data protection act. This applies to personal data held and the legitimate grounds for this being held, which information is classed as sensitive and cannot be gathered without explicit permission. Another type of current UK legislation is the Human Rights act. This confers the right of respect of privacy on individuals and provides for employees in the public sector to take legal actions against their employer of they consider their rights infringed.

Explore the theme of rebellion in the first 3 acts of ‘The Tempest’ Essay

Rebellion is definitely an important theme throughout the play. Every character has committed an act of rebellion at some point in The Tempest. The subject of rebellion was very important to the audience at the time because of the risk of rebellion at the time against James I, who was the monarch. There is a lot of rebelling against masters, as shown by both Ariel and Caliban. In act 1 scene 2, Ariel asks Prospero for his freedom from the magician’s service, but is declined, and Prospero reminds him of what he freed Ariel from (â€Å"I must once in a month recount what thou hast been, which thou forget’st.† I.ii.262-264). Prospero tells that the reason Sycorax imprisoned Ariel, was because the spirit refused to carry out her orders, rebelling against her authority. Caliban, on the other hand, displays his rebellious stripes by agreeing to serve Trinculo and Stephano instead of Prospero (â€Å"A plague upon the tyrant that I serve! I’ll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee, thou wondrous man.† II.2.162-164). Sebastian and Antonio are first rebellious in Act I scene 2, when they refused to obey the Boatswains orders (â€Å"Hang cur, hang, you whoreson insolent noise-maker! We are less afraid to be drowned than thou art.† I.i.43-44). But in Act II scene 1, the two characters rebel against their king, Alonso, by planning to kill him (â€Å"Draw thy sword. One stroke shall free thee from the tribute which thou payest, and I the king shall love thee† II.i.292-294). But rebellion is not only present in these completely power-driven characters, but also in those characters who are powered by love, such as Miranda and Ferdinand. Ferdinand, a prince, rebels against social order and agrees to serve Prospero in order to see Miranda (â€Å"To whom I am subdued, are but light to me, might I but through my prison once a day behold this maid† I.2.489-491). Not being raised in Milan in the modern society, Miranda is not aware of the social protocol at the time when it comes to love, by asking Ferdinand to marry her (â€Å"My husband then?† III.i.89). At the beginning of the scene, Miranda sees Ferdinand against Prospero’s wishes, (â€Å"He’s safe for these three hours† III.i.21). Even before the first events of the play took place, there was a history of rebellion between Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan and his brother, Antonio, the man who usurped him. Before being betrayed by his brother, Prospero was a negligent Duke, spending all his spare time in his study practising magic, and rebelling against the rules of society (â€Å"And rapt in secret studies† I.ii.77). Antonio, on the other hand, rebelled against the wishes of his brother by taking advantage of the power Prospero had bestowed upon him, and usurped him of his dukedom (â€Å"in my false brother awakened an evil nature; and my trust like a good parent, did beget of him† I.ii.92-94 & â€Å"he needs be Absolute Milan† I.ii.109-110). Gonzalo is the only character who can be debated in the discussion of rebellion. He does indeed show some rebellious streaks, though they a very subtle. For instance, in the first scene of play, Gonzalo vey politely disobeys the Boatswain’s command (â€Å"Good, yet remember whom thou hast aboard† I.i.19). Then in his â€Å"Utopia† speech in Act 2 scene 1, Gonzalo describes a seemingly perfect world where â€Å"all men idle† and there is no â€Å"name of magistrate† (II.i.147-156). This is more rebellious to the Jacobean audience watching the play than it is towards the other characters in the play, because Gonzalo is describing a world without any higher social order that doesn’t sound apocalyptic. It was especially risky because the play was performed in front of the king, James I, who, at the time, was suffering some political trouble. Even though each character is rebelling seemingly on their own, Prospero is really managing the rebellion. In Act 2 scene 1, Prospero uses his servant, Ariel, to purposely create particular conditions which favour this rebellious behaviour in order to prompt an act of sedition from Sebastian and Antonio. The King and the lords are purposely put to sleep by Ariel in order to offer Sebastian and Antonio an excellent opportunity to do the foul deed. But just as he creates, so Prospero prevents, and sabotages Sebastian and Antonio’s assassination plot by waking the King. In conclusion, the theme of rebellion is an important part of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, because it helps shape the play in terms of power and manipulation.

Case of Genie Essay Example for Free

Case of Genie Essay 1.Describe the case of Genie. What happened to her? Why is this case important? Genie was left in extreme isolation. She was kept in a back bedroom,tied to a toilet. She received little stimulation of any kind and was fed baby food.She was given no visual or other sensory stimulation.This case shows that infancy and childhood are critical times for brain development. 2.What have scientists learned about the way that the brain develops in children? Describe how this development happens. They have learned that there are critical periods for brain development. They discovered that parents fill a vital role in the development of their child’s brain through their interactions with the child.Parents and caregivers must provide proper stimulation to help develop connections. Scientists believed that children’s brains were predetermined to a great extent in terms of how they would develop. However, scientists now know that an infant’s experiences help determine how connections are formed and which pathways will develop in the brain. Thus, rather than being predetermined, an infant’s brain is a work in progress, influenced not only by his or her genetics, but also the surrounding world. 3.Describe how speech generating devices work. Explain the importance of augmentive communication. Speech generating devices are electronic devices that help individuals communicate verbally. Augmentive communication is important because it helps individuals produce or comprehend written or spoken language.These communication devices can be important tools to help children with speech difficulties communicate with parents, teachers, friends, and others in their lives 1.What do scientists mean when they say that there are critical periods for brain development? Why are these periods important? When scientist say that there are critical periods for brain development they  mean that if a child misses that period they’ll be noticeably different from others in the same age group. These periods are important because they’ll need them all throughout life. Case of Genie. (2016, May 13).

Effects of Media Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of Media Violence - Research Paper Example There are at least four kinds of violent media effects on the life of people. The first one is about the transformation of reality in humans’ minds under the impact of mass media. The thing is that all kinds of information, such as television, newspapers, Internet, video games, and advertisement, give the audience a new concept of the world order, or in other words they present the universe like it is seen by them or like it is comfortable for them. No wonder, people who see, read or hear about violence day by day, probably begin to perceive the world in its totally negative aspects. They realize their system to be a heart of evil and harmful actions, which threaten not only physical health of mankind, but also hurt its mental state with all possible expected results. In fact, media is the new environment and the reality of modern culture. Unfortunately, the latter is penetrated with more negative sides than positive ones. So there is a conflict between people’s vision of rosy reality and violent reality of mass media itself. But this case is almost exceptional, for the vast majority of people turn into so-called blind believers in mass media notions of the world, due to its ability of erasing the boundaries of true reality and drawing of landscapes of fictional one with its main feature, that is, violence. As a result people with their modified perception of the world hand it.The second kind of media effect concerns to the changeover of society as a direct form of people’s union.

Economic and Social Determinants of Infant Mortality in Developing Essay

Economic and Social Determinants of Infant Mortality in Developing Countries - Essay Example It also aims at reducing health disparities in the developing countries, and a very important indicator of economic development. Neonatal mortality rates are particularly responsive to procedures in the course of the pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period, as well as the care given to infants and their mothers. Postneonatal mortality rates are contemplated to be determined to largely by parental circumstances such as the care provision and their socioeconomic position. Studying mortality rates will help policy makers to come up with ways of reducing the infant mortality rates. For example, if one of the leading causes of infant mortality is lack of healthcare to women, policy makers can come up with methods of providing healthcare for pregnant women. Every day, millions of lives of infants are lost around the world. However, 80% of these deaths can be avoided if the right measures are taken. Studying the infant mortality rates helps the government, hospitals and other relevant a gencies come up with new ways of preventing reducing the infant mortality rate. It will also help to improve the current prevention methods. Infant mortality is not only caused by biological factors but also social and economic factors. Studying the causes of infant mortality will help doctors and scientist to come up with new ways of controlling the biological causes of infant mortality. This will also provide them with ideas on how they can improve the quality of medicine. This study will begin by a review of literature, to establish the evidence that other authors have found regarding this topic. An empirical study will follow, whereby two models will be analyzed using regression analysis statistical methods. The results of the statistical analysis will be reviewed, and a conclusion will be made. As study focusing on Croydon’s infant mortality, was conducted by Ghosh and Alves (2011), whereby they found that newborn

Punk in Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Punk in Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Punk in Fashion" concerns the punk style. Punk culture laid stress on being creative and trying out new things. It involved colouring hair, and wearing clothes that were the hallmark of punk movement. Punk culture had a great influence on the contemporary fashion. Some of the essential staples of punk fashion included leather jackets most often accessorized with pictures and embossments of punk band logos, pins, studs and innovative patches. Other quintessential accoutrements of punk fashion were tight fitting stretchable jeans and shorts, heavy denim jackets most often adorned with patches, studs, pins and band logos, creepers, bondage pants, doc martens, etc. The whole objective of the punk fashion was to mock the established conventions and stereotypes of modesty and to accentuate the intention of not being able to adapt to or fit in the mainstream society. Punk fashion also adopted certain specific and peculiar hairstyles like buzzcuts, short and spiky, liberty spikes and mowhawks. Though the punk fatigue represented a tough and hard persona, the punk culture was on the contrary was very accommodating and open minded. Punk culture had a distinct impact on the fashion in the 20th century. The earlier punk fashion trends were distinctly anti materialistic. The primary focus of the punk fashion was on rebutting the excesses and pretensions inherent in the mainstream fashion by affiliating to peculiar clothing, body modifications, hairstyles, jewellery and cosmetics.

Does the Mission Statement or Vision of the firm reflect the companys Case Study

Does the Mission Statement or Vision of the firm reflect the companys focus on customers - Case Study Example As such, without a clear focus on the consumer, for those interested parties who review the mission and or vision statement, the emphasis that the firm places n achieving a degree of customer loyalty and/or customer satisfaction is something that is not referenced at all. In this way, the firm could most certainly benefit from a recalibration of the mission statement and vision that it currently displays (Zara 2011). Although it is heartening to see the that the firm pays such a great deal of attention to the environment and environmental concerns, completely ignoring the role and importance that the customer plays with relation to the business model is perhaps shortsighted. Description of the career you considered and why you found it attractive. Choose one describe what academic degrees, business experience, language skills etc that you will need to be successful. After reviewing the great diversity of careers that are available to the individual interested in a career in marketing, I was particularly drawn to a career in public relations. Public relations and market outreach is a field that interests me because it goes beyond merely marketing a product and directly incorporates elements of social interaction and company representation. In such a way, the individual who works within such a career is ultimately responsible for seeking to challenge public opinion and represent the firm/organization in time of difficulties and in times of success. Ultimately, it is the challenge of such a position that is attractive due to the fact that many individuals employed in public relations type marketing jobs have had the distinct ability to fundamentally alter the means by which the public views the firm and the ultimate product or service offerings they represent (Laskin 2012). Such is not the norm however but it is a possibility for the individual tha t works in such a field. With respect to the particular type of skills and knowledge that is required for such a job, the website that was analyzed to inform his report stated that a degree in good standing from a four year university or college was ultimately a requirement. Furthermore, although there was no experience requirement for beginning within such a career, ultimately representing the firm to the public would be something that would most certainly require much experience as well as supreme command of verbal and written skills and exceptionally high quality people skills. Q3) What kinds of jobs are available, where are the jobs available, what types of skill sets are required for international marketing jobs For the most part, the types of marketing jobs that were represented were entry level with the remainder being upper level management positions. As such, there were very few offerings for individuals within the middle of their career with a reasonable modicum of experie nce. Moreover, the types of jobs centered on promotions and individual store marketing. When building the search query for this particular part of the assignment I wanted to have one that was as broad as possible so that it would be certain to capture even the international opportunities that exist within the field. Almost without exception, the greatest number of international job openings was with relation to the

Work-Related Project Analysis, Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work-Related Project Analysis, Part I - Essay Example This systems analysis includes a research into the supply chain system instated by Audi. The research methodology is primarily based upon a secondary research or more specifically a literature review of magazine article, press release, case study, and a textbook. The research design follows an empirical analysis based on qualitative sources that aims to analyze the working of its supply chain as the chosen system or project. Information is gathered from these sources as mentioned which will form the theoretical base in analyzing, assessing, and evaluating the efficiency, effectiveness, and performance of its supply chain system in delivery value to its consumers. The supply chain operations are important to any company for delivering its outputs and meeting its goals. Hence, this work related project analysis is to follow a literature review of secondary sources so as to gather the relevant information and knowledge regarding the system in place. The research design specifically invo lves use of germane sources so as to allow a rigorous analysis. Audi has now merged with the German based auto company Volkswagen AG after the company acquired 99 percent of its shares (Diaz, 2006). Having its head offices in Germany, Audi is a highly renowned automobile manufacturing company that produces high quality cars. The company’s supply chain system is a very important component of the supply chain which helps in delivering customer satisfaction and value to consumers. The production of its cars and the assembling of the various car components require seamless functioning of the supply chain. Production is aided by inbound and outbound logistics that helps to connect the transported raw materials with the production line. For many other car manufacturing firms, the supply chain department serves an important line function. Hence, I have chosen to base this research on the supply

Business and economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business and economics - Assignment Example That was the year the UK economy went into recession, pushed to the brink by the global financial contagion, together with rising levels of debt in the consumer market, as well as sharp falls in the prices of residential properties. The recession spurred government into pump-priming mode, spending on government projects to spur the economy, taking a stake in the banking system and effectively nationalizing portions of that system, reducing taxation, and putting on hold curbs on government borrowing. These acts pushed Britain to the opposite end of another brink, and that is an elevation of public debts, and the ballooning of the public deficit levels, that then spurred the government of Cameron, formed with the support of both Democrats and Conservatives, to initiate a five-year plan of austere reforms in 2010. The goal of the program was the reduction of the budget deficit to just a percent of GDP by 2015, from 10 percent of GDP at the start of 2010. By the next year, the government announced an extension of the austerity program through to 2017, owing to the perceived inadequacy of the interventions to effect change, the lower than desired rates of growth in the economy, and the effects of the crisis sparked by the debt problems in many parts of the EU (Central Intelligence Agency 2013). There was an increase in VAT in 2011 to 20 percent from 17.5 percent as part of the measures tied to this program. Meanwhile, the tax rates for companies in the UK were targeted to go down in 2014 to just 21 percent. Also, $605 billion was earmarked for a program to purchase assets by the end of 2012. In all, 2012 was characterized by public deficit levels that stuck persistently in the range of 7.7 percent of the GDP, above targets; a 0.1 percent contraction in the GDP; tepid spending by consumers; tepid investment levels among business concerns; and the continued rise in the levels of public debts (Central

Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index Essay Example for Free

Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index Essay The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Confidence Index influences a businesss future decisions for ventures on foreign soil. Businesses use the index to compare countries for the most and potentially best prospective investment in order to profit from expansion. The FDI Index lists the top countries that are projected to be the most compelling to directly invest in fixed and variable assets in order to achieve management control (Ball, Geringer, Minor, McNett, 2010). According to Ball, Geringer, Minor, and Mcnett (2010) in International Business; The Challenge of Global Competition, â€Å"if a nation is continuing to receive appreciable amounts of foreign investment, its investment climate must be favorable. † Through analysis of projected countries for foreign investment, a company can determine if a foreign market is favorable to expand into since other companies are continuously investing in them. A.T. Kearney Inc., a global management consultant firm, researches and constructs the Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index periodically in order to assist and advise CEO’s across the world in multiple markets make the most informed business decisions. With offices in thirty- seven countries, A.T. Kearney has the presence and global notoriety that corporations lean upon for expansion decisions (A.T. Kearney Inc., 2011). The company’s vast experience advising top corporations in multiple industries lends credibility to the A.T. Kearney Inc.’s analysis of the constructed FDI Confidence Index. The FDI Confidence Index is a widely used tool that is compiled using analysis of many components. A.T. Kearney Inc. begins the research for the top countries to invest by surveying the top corporate executives of one thousand of the largest businesses throughout the world and account for more than two trillion in annual global revenue, (Laudicina, Gott, Pohl, 2010). These selected companies are representatives from forty-four countries across seventeen industries (Laudicina et al., 2010). A.T. Kearney compilation and calculation for the FDI Confidence Index is meant to capture a true audience’s opinion of the potential investment and expansion into foreign markets by observing a broad spectrum of companies business plan throughout their global investment perspective. The Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index survey questioned each CEO and took a weighted average of their responses on a scale of high, medium and low when asked for the â€Å"likelihood of the direct investment in a market over the next three years,† as presented by Laudicina, Gott, and Pohl (2010). The survey did not question the senior executives on the likelihood of investment with in their own country (Laudicina et all., 2010). Therefore, the index values are non-biased and are based true opinions from leading CEO’s for the most desirable countries to invest company assets. Other sources that are taken into consideration in the compilation of the Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index include data prepared by the United Nations. According to Investing in a Rebound: the 2010 A.T. Kearney’s Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, â€Å"FDI flow figures are the latest statistics available from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)† are used to assist in the compilation of the ranking of countries (Laudicina et all., 2010). Also, Laudicina et all. (2010) includes the, â€Å"International Monetary Fund (IMF), investment promotion agencies, central banks, ministries of finance and trade, and major periodicals,† for insight to determine the rankings of each country. A.T. Kearney Inc. uses multiple resources for compiling the FDI Confidence Index in order to construct the most representative statistics for future foreign investments. Even though the FDI Confidence Index ranks countries upon the likelihood of future investments from non-source corporations, the economic market has globally taken a downturn. Laudicina et all. (2010) responds in the publication, â€Å"while conditions have improved, senior executives at the world’s largest companies remain wary of investing during the current climate, and few expect a full turnaround before 2011.† Top corporate executives, even though the market is down, still project potentially investment in equipment, structures and organizations in these top countries at a level that is sufficient to obtain significant management control within the next three years (Laudicina et all. 2010). The Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index is compiled by A.T. Kearney Inc., a well-respected global management firm, in order to assist corporations in capitalizing company assets in foreign countries. This list ranks the top countries of foreign investment by surveying top senior executives around the world, using Untied Nations data on foreign trade and other publications in order to compile the most thorough analysis for corporations to use for the most prospective countries for foreign ventures (Laudicina et all., 2010). Even though the global economy has taken a turn for the worse, corporations are continuing to foresee future foreign direct investment as a possibility for their company’s long-term business plan.

Unemployment During The Recession Economics Essay

Unemployment During The Recession Economics Essay The unemployment rate is one of the key variables that policy makers are interested in. There are different causes of unemployment and it is very difficult for governments to determine which causes are most important and how to deal with them. The two main types of causes of unemployment can be split as demand-sided and supply-sided. The unemployment has both economic and noneconomic costs (McConnell and Brue, 2005). The economic costs of unemployment are; (i) decrease in income and output which is measured in terms of the GNP gap and, (ii) burden of unemployment is not distributed equally among employees especially during recession periods (Petroff, 2002). On the other hand, loss of self-confidence, social and political conflicts can be counted as some of the noneconomic costs of unemployment (McConnell and Brue, 2005). Thus, it is important to analyse causes and outcomes of unemployment especially during recession period. Unemployment during Recession Since Industrial Revolution, the entire world economy has gained a momentum. This momentum has led to economic expansion an increase in quality of life. However, this momentum hasnt shown continuity. Countries have experienced many ups and downs in their economic activities since they industrialized. These up and down movements in economic activities or in production level are known as business or economic cycle (Parkin, 2012; Abel et al., 2008). There are two main periods of the business cycle (Parkin, 2012); expansion and recession. An expansion is a period which represents an increase in the economic activities and production level of an economy/country (Burda and Wyplosz, 2001). Contrary, recession is an extended time period when the economic activities and gross domestic product (GDP) of a nation are slowing or falling down (Abel et al, 2008; Harris, 2002). These activities are including level of employment, investments, household income, business profits and inflation rate. In a business or economic cycle, recession occurs between peak and trough points. It is also known as a business cycle contraction. This is represented in the Figure 1. -Causes of Recession: Negative Demand and Supply Shocks According to Abel et al. (2008), two main causes of economic recession are negative aggregate demand shock (ADS) and negative aggregate supply shock (ASS). A negative ADS is a sudden event that decreases the aggregate demand in an economy (Burda and Wyplosz, 2001). There are several reasons for this type of negative shock. It generally occurs because of tight fiscal and monetary policies (Abel et al., 2008). Government sets high taxes and reduces government expenditures to decrease the inflationary pressures. On the other hand, these policies can causes a fall in the aggregate demand and as a result economic recession takes place. The recession that United Kingdom (UK) experienced during 1980-81 was caused by tight fiscal and monetary policies (Pettinger, 2012). There were high tax rates, low government expenditure, and high interest rates for reducing spending, consumption and investment. The UK government was applied these tight policies for reducing the inflationary pressures whic h was formed in the late of 1980s. Inflation had fallen but the cost of these policies was the economic recession. Classical economists suggest that the negative ADS do not cause continued fluctuations in output level (Burda and Wyplosz, 2001). However, they view that a negative ASS is a major reason behind the critical changes in output and employment level (Burda and Wyplosz, 2001). A negative supply shock or a negative production shock is an unexpected event that decreases the aggregate supply in an economy/country (Abel et al., 2008). A negative ASS causes an inward shift in the long run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve of an economy (Abel et al., 2008). In figure 2, there is an inward shift in the LRAS curve because of a negative supply shock. It is reducing full-employment output from Q1 to Q2 and increase the price level from P1 to P2. This change in the price level represents that a negative supply shock causes prices to rise during the recession. Some of the real world examples of negative supply shocks are; changes in weather, such as an unexpected cold weather; changes in the structure of industries, such as merging of two or more dominant companies (Abel et al., 2008). Sometimes, the dominant suppliers join together for increasing their market power. By this way, they can restrict supply and set higher prices for making more profit. The real world reflection of this happened in 1970s by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) where members were imposed an oil embargo and then increased oil prices. When the oil prices rise, firms began to produce less since the cost of production was increase independently fro m aggregate demand. During oil price shock, labour demand, employment and real wage rate had fallen (Carlstrom and Fuerst, 2006). A negative supply shock reduces the quantity of labour demanded at any given real wage rate and causes an inward shift in the labour demand curve (Abel et al., 2008). In figure 3, the negative supply shock causes a fall in the labour market equilibrium from point A to B. At the new equilibrium both real wage and employment level falls. This graph also reflects the effects of oil price shock on the labour market. -Supply Side Factors During recession both businesses and individuals tend to retrench their economic belts and this causes negative effects on the level of production and consequently demands for labour decrease. Thus, during recession unemployment turns out to be one of the major problems on both government and society. Some of the unemployment during recession base on supply-side factors like personal transferable skills, job-seeker research channel, occupational mobility (job skills), and geographical mobility (Adams et al., 2000). For example; in UK, economic structure is turning to service based from manufacturing based economy (Parkin, 2012). The main reason of this structural change is globalisation and international trade agreements. According to Parkin (2012), UK has completely lost its cost advantages in manufacturing goods since the cost of production is much cheaper in Eastern Europe countries. Structural changes lead primary and secondary sector workers lose their jobs and many of them cann ot find new jobs since they dont have necessary skills for working in service sectors such as financial service institutions and information technology. However, even when economy is operating at full capacity, there is some unemployment that causes by the supply side factors. This is generally known as the natural rate of unemployment or equilibrium unemployment (Blink and Dorton, 2007). The natural rate of unemployment exists when the labour market is in equilibrium (Abel et al., 2008). In figure 4, the total labour force (TLF) in an economy and aggregate supply of labour (ASL), which stands for the number of people who are willing to work at every given wage rate, are presented. The difference between points a and b is natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is the combination of frictional and structural unemployment (Abel et al., 2008). Frictional unemployment occurs when employees leave their jobs for finding more suitable job opportunities in order to satisfy their career and income expectations (Parkin, 2012). While employees are searching for new jobs, there is always some frictional unemployment in th e economy. The poor job information may lead this searching process to take longer than what the employees expected and consequently employees may lose their motivations for finding new jobs. Unemployment benefits are also a factor that affect the incentive to not to work. Also, structural unemployment occurs when the structure or production methods of an industry are changed in order to keep pace with changes in consumers tastes and new production techniques (Sloman, 2004). Structural unemployment is generally known as the long-term unemployment since workers must retrain or they may have to relocate for staying at their current jobs or finding new jobs (Parkin, 2012). On the other hand, the financial and mental costs of retraining and relocation lead structural unemployment that contains geographical and occupational immobility. Housing prices are one of the most important financial problems that cause geographical immobility. For example; in London, the active capital city life creates more job opportunities than in the North of England, but housing prices and rents are much more expensive than in the North of England. So, some workers may prefer to take unemployment benefits and staying at their neighbourhoods rather than paying high rents or buyin g expensive houses in London. This causes geographical immobility. An increase in unemployment rate also increases the burden of the government. High unemployment means an increase in the total amount of unemployment benefits that governments have to pay. As a result of an increase in unemployment rate, governments revenues fall. So, it causes budget deficits. In order to decrease the rate of unemployment, government may use both supply-side and demand-side policies. The main aim of the supply-side polices is to make labour force more responsive and flexible against the changes in job opportunities (Sloman, 2004). However, if there is lack of aggregate demand, supply-side policies can be ineffective. Thus, for achieving more effective results government can support supply-side policies by using demand-side policies as well as fiscal and monetary policies. Conclusion In recent years, recession become one of the major problems that the entire world economies encountered. It is inevitable for governments to take certain measures to determine the causes of economic downturn. It can be caused by demand side or supply side shocks. During the recession, unemployment becomes one of the serious problems because of low levels of consumption, demand and investment (Pettinger, 2011). However, unemployment exists even when economy is operating at full capacity. Unemployment never becomes zero because of supply-side factors, like; personal transferable skills, job-seeker research channel, occupational mobility (job skills), and geographical mobility (Adams et al., 2000). Structural and frictional unemployment are unemployment types that cause by supply side factors. There are massive research efforts to find out causes of unemployment and how to deal with it. The long lasting effects of unemployment make it an important problem for all economies and governmen ts that encourage governments to try to find solutions for it since it has economic, social and political consequences.

Machiavellis Reputation in the Modern World Essays -- Biography Biogr

Machiavelli's Reputation in the Modern World Niccolà ² Machiavelli was known during much his life as a part of the republican government in Florence until 1512. At that time, the Medici family took over the city and ruled under a more monarchical system. From that point until his death in 1527, Machiavelli was always just on the outside of Florentine politics. He would occasionally get work from the Medici but his tasks were never as important as they had been under the republican government of the past. As he was trying to find his way back into a major role in Florentine government, Machiavelli wrote The Prince, a manual of sorts that explained how a monarch should rule his state and why. While Machiavelli had been a strong proponent of republican ideals in the past, in The Prince, his ideas are far from adhering to republicanism. The book seems to promote the ideal monarch as a cold, heartless person whose only goal in life should be to retain power, regardless of who or what he destroys. This includes killing enemie s of the state, personal enemies of the Prince, and even, in some cases, friends or family. While The Prince was not the first book of this kind, it was the first to suggest a government that rules with no regard for religion or morality. Machiavelli did not particularly pay heed to religious law in the way he lived his life, but he also did not particularly care for the Catholic Church of the time because of the lack of morality demonstrated by the Pope's and other supposedly "religious men's" actions at the time. There are other works that Machiavelli wrote both before and after The Prince that survive today, as well as letters he wrote to his friends that demonstrate a different set of ideals than th... ...: 1940-1960." The Journal of Modern History 33.2 (June 1961): 113-136. Howe, Daniel Walker. "European Sources of Political Ideas in Jeffersonian America." Reviews in American History 10.4 (December 1982): 28-44. Kocis, Robert A. Machiavelli Redeemed. Bethlehem: Lehigh UP, 1998. Machiavelli, Niccolà ². Machiavelli and His Friends: Their Personal Correspondence. Trans. James B. Atkinson & David Sices. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois UP, 1996. Machiavelli, Niccolà ². The Discourses from The Portable Machiavelli. Ed. & Trans. Peter Bondanella & Mark Musa. New York: Penguin, 1979. Machiavelli, Niccolà ². The Prince from The Portable Machiavelli. Ed. & Trans. Peter Bondanella & Mark Musa. New York: Penguin, 1979. Peterson, Paul E. "The President's Dominance in Foreign Policy Making." Political Science Quarterly 109.2 (Summer, 1994): 215-234.

The Dangers of Social Conformity Exposed in The Prime of Miss Jean Brod

The Dangers of Social Conformity Exposed in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muriel Spark's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie depicts the coming of age of six adolescent girls in Edinburgh, Scotland during the 1930's. The story brings us into the classroom of Miss Jean Brodie, a fascist school teacher at the Marcia Blaine School for Girls, and gives close encounter with the social and political climate in Europe during the era surrounding the second World War. Spark's novel is a narrative relating to us the complexities of politics and of social conformity, as well as of non-conformity. Through looking at the Brodie set and the reciprocities between these students and their teacher, the writer, in this novel, reviews the essence of group dynamics and brings in to focus the adverse effects that the power of authority over the masses can produce. Sparks, in so doing projects her skepticism toward the teacher's ideologies. This skepticism is played out through the persona of Sandy Stranger, who becomes the central character in a class of Marcia Bl aine school girls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sandy's character is even more focally sculpted than the teacher's favored disciples who came to be known as the Brodie Set; a small group of girls favored by Miss Jean Brodie in her Prime. The Brodie Set is a social system and a enigmatic network of social relations that acts to draw the behavior of its members toward the core values of the clique.   The teacher Miss Jean Brodie projects upon this impressionable "set,"   her strong fascist opinions. She controls this group on the basis that she is in her prime.   Her prime being the point in life when she is at the height of wisdom and insight. Sandy pejoratively uses the personality traits and ideolog... ...t this small group level, conformity dispels individual judgement. Sandy projects to us that this kind of social conformity under the pressure of authority, is to be blamed for many social problems and adversities in the individual lives of the Brodie girls, and in society at large. Bibliography 1. Coon, Dennis.   Psychology: Exploration and Application. West Publishing Company: 1980. 2. Costanzo, P.   Conformity development as a function of self blame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 14; 366-374: 1970. 3. Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Larson, R.   Being Adolescent.   Harper Collins Publisher: 1984. 4. Homans, G.C.   Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: 1961. 5. Lodge, David.   The Uses and Abuses of Omniscience: Method and Meaning in Muriel Spark's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.   Ithaca, Cornell: 1971.

Northern Cascades National Park :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to give you some background information on Northern Cascades National Park and to talk about the management techniques the park uses to preserve it. Northern Cascades National Park became a national park on Oct 2, 1968, when Lyndon Johnson sighed the North Cascades Act. Twenty years later congress designated 93% of the park as a Stephen Mater Wilderness. When congress declares an area as â€Å"wilderness,† it provides extra protection against human impact. Northern Cascades National Park is mostly used for backpackers and mountain climbers, who have little impact on the park. There is one gravel road open to the public that is in the park, but very few people utilize it. Each year Northern Cascades National Park receives about 400,000 visitors for recreational purposes. Native Americans were amongst the first to use this area. Four Indian tribes inhabited the Cascades; the Upper Skagits, Sauk, Suiattle, and Swinomish who were attracted to this area for its plentiful resources. By the 1770’s there was Euro American presence in the Cascades. The Euro Americans used this area to get furs and pelts for trading. The beaver, wolf, and grizzly bear were the most sought after pelts in the cascades, do to their abundance. Later many would come to mine the cascades, but there wasn’t much of what they were looking for. Northern Cascades National Park is about 684,000 acres and encompasses Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. In today’s society there are very few wilderness areas that aren’t impacted by human activity like Northern Cascades National Park. Many areas within the park have had little human intervention. In many areas of the park the only human impact is coming form air and water pollution, which doesn’t sound good. But this is still a lot less impact than other parks receive. The Cascades stretch as far south as California and continues north to British Columbia. The cascade mountain range didn’t used to be part of North America, but millions of years ago it attached itself do to accumulation of sediment, colliding tectonic plates, and volcanic activity (www.north.cascades.national-park.com/info.htm). The Cascades is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world and one of the fasting growing. Depending where you are in the park the climate can dramatically change. From the hundreds of small lakes and rivers that sculpt the lowlands to the mountain tops that reach up to 1000

Sustainability issue of companies

The new Pfizer has three business segments : health care, animal health and consumer health reduces. The company's innovative products are sold in over 1 50 countries and regions. Pfizer has the world's most advanced production facilities and testing technology, its first-class detection and analytical tools perfect quality assurance system, the company ‘s products meet or exceed the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and U. S. Pharmacopoeia standards, and the company's products is permitted exported to Japan, Australia, the Philippines and Europe .At present, China -listed products include: Pioneer will , Salesperson , Cutthroat , Difficult , Anoraks , Zloty , URI Y Inning , Vicarage , Celebrate , Lipton and so on. Sustainability issues Pfizer sustainability issues in two areas, the problem is that Pfizer as a leader in the pharmaceutical industry, they need to continue the development of new drugs or improve their existing product to make it better with better efficacy and smaller Side ef fects, this problem is a pharmaceutical industry as a whole needs to confront the issue.Although Pfizer in the year 2013 on this issue to make the appropriate action, but in the future this issue which will always be a core issue for the sustainable. Second problem is that Pfizer commitment to sustainable environmental problems. Pfizer hopes between the value and the social and environmental damage caused by the production of products continues to seek a balance, while minimizing the risk to our shareholders. Our strategic approach focuses on reducing energy and water consumption, in addition to innovative ways to manage waste.Report issue in the annual report Among Pfizer Annual Report on environmental matters for the company listed as a special detail explanation. Pfizer in Environmental Matters were particularly marked in the year 2009 to 2012 which are similar provisions for changes in Pfizer Pfizer hermetically plant in violation of the federal Clean Air Act as well as some mad e by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved remedy measures. The compensation and other matters relating to litigation or Pfizer for the development of new products also caused itemized breakdown of explanation and description to make the annual report them.Incentives Pfizer and enthusiasm to motivate employees to develop improved products interaction of which is how to have a positive impact among colleagues engaged in a frank and open dialogue, and to take responsible action and results. OWN information! Help colleagues to take appropriate risks and innovative thinking thoughtful, challenging the prevailing views and assumptions and make better, faster decisions. For example: research colleagues took an innovative approach defined as type 2 diabetes, helped lead to the formation of a Joint venture to promote therapeutic compounds for the treatment of this potential contours.In what is now our global innovative pharmaceutical business, a team of researchers detect ed formability challenge – a complex of symptoms characterized by chronic widespread pain condition pain, fatigue, etc. And created a use of electronic medical records to identify and a new method of diagnosis of formability related variables. Business development team in Portugal, will help lead to some account Enabler was significantly higher than the performance of innovative contracting market. C.V. Is the second-largest drugstore chain Walgreen, in the United States, with more than 7,600 stores, is based on the total income of the second largest U.S. Prescription drugstore. As the retail pharmacy division of C.V. Caretaker company, which is listed as the 13th largest according to the company, in the Fortune Global 500, 2013. The main competitors C.V. drugstore chain Walgreen ranked 37th. C.V. Sales of prescription drugs and a wide range of general merchandise, including over-the- counter drugs, beauty products and cosmetics, film, photo finishing services, seasonal merch andise, greeting cards, and through their C.V. pharmacy and convenience food stores and on-line drugs bulls through C.V.. Com.It also provides healthcare services through its Maintenance than 600 clinics, as well as their diabetes care center. Most of these clinics are located within C.V. stores. New environmental sustainability issues facing the C.V. is facing a health care form that appears after and how to make us have a better impact on the community. Since 2013, the annual C.V. U. S. Health care reform changes and ongoing major demographic change will be faced with the overall environment and there will be a significant change in the next few years, and the initial deployment of the AC has been with challenges.The C.V. believe their corporate responsibility is to help patients and clients achieve their health, moral and responsible business. Listed separately in the annual list of C.V. for health care reform and other issues acing the changing business strategy and organization al self-made structures as well as how to give their patients and clients better treatment and services made corresponding policies. C.V. For health care reform and other issues increased their business health insurance market, which is the main C.V. growth strategy in the coming years, and our strong position in the medical market, retail and IBM auxiliary. N our patients and customers to help us in particular on the establishment of a number of assets to manage some of the characteristics of the patient's health are spending, including: the presiding Judge, a rare disease management and professional integration, through a consistent, integrated retail / mail options special connection specialist patients and according to our unique automated platform Involving medical claims management technology, market-leading home infusion services.These can enable our customers and patients to be healed while spending the least cost, while C.V. in order to allow patients access to their custom ers and provide maximum convenience thief allow consumers through the mail or at our convenient retail pharmacies to get them prescription options. C.V. Plans through their medical advisers and Silversmith prescription drug plan to help their clients and patients with certain chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, identify gaps care, stick to their prescription drugs, and better manage their health.We also expanded the program to Medicare beneficiaries, which helps health plan clients achieve better clinical star ratings, so in terms of the community to get more recognition and thus indirectly on large their potential customers. Home depot The Home Depot was founded in 1978, is the world's largest home improvement detailer, the second largest U. S. Retailer. Home Depot sales of all types of building materials, home furnishings and lawn garden products, and provide a wide range of related services.Home Depot stores average standards covering nearly 9,758 squar e meters indoors and another 2,138 square meters of outdoor garden products area. In addition to the standard Home Depot store outside, we have mainly provides products and services for the home improvement and remodeling projects EXPO Design Center, the face of professional customer service Home Depot Supply and The Home Depot Landscape Supply. The Home Depot Sustainable problems faced there first is a change in accounting standards and subjective assumptions; second is dedicated to improving the environment.The first issue is due to changes in accounting standards will significantly affect our financial results or financial position. Generally accepted accounting principles and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines and on a wide range of issues is related to our business, such as revenue recognition, impairment of assets, impairment of goodwill and other intangible stets, inventories, lease obligations, self-insurance, tax matters and interpretations litigat ion is very complex, involving many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments.Changes or changes in the interpretation of these rules or the basic assumptions, estimates or Judgments could significantly change our reported or expected financial results or financial position. The Home Depot in the annual report which , especially for companies from the year 2012 to the year 2013 in the field of environment in which to make a detailed description of the measures and for the year 201 5 is expected , especially in the many is to change the energy savings made , because in the last time the greatest problem the Home Depot is excessive energy consumption .And in 2013, the year in which the company's energy management team to continue to pursue the establishment of strict energy- efficiency standard operating practice , all of our U. S. Facilities . These measures include HAVE temperature control unit , and adhere to strict lighting plan, which is the largest source of energy consump tion in our stores , and the use of energy management systems in each store monitoring energy efficiency. We estimate that , through the implementation and use of these energy- saving external programs, we saved almost 7. One billion kilowatts hours ( kHz ) since 2004 . That year, we set a goal to reduce per kHz Square feet in our U. S. Stores by 20% by the year 2015 , and we met that goal in fiscal year 2013 , ahead of our target date . The Home Depot act to protect the environment in order to motivate the creation of a recycling project in particular, through this project can reduce the items to be thrown away to reduce the increase in recycling garbage.There is a plan to deal with gizzards materials and waste, which determines the company's sales or use of hazardous substances, including specific precautions to avoid leakage and contamination, general procedures for handling damaged containers, and provide powerful clean-up countermeasures to limit leakage of. Workplace Hazardous Materials training in understanding and more in-depth training, environmental compliance associates who are specifically designated to store and erase all contacts responsible for dangerous goods. References 1. The Home Depot 2013 Annual Report 2. The C.V. 2013 Annual Report 3. The Pfizer 2013 Annual Report

Skywest

Case: SkyWest, Inc. and the Regional Airline Industry in 2009 Assignment Questions: What are the general economic conditions of the U. S. regional airline industry macroenvrionment? What is the relationship of the industry to the national and global airline industries? The U. S regional airline industry has been suffered and experienced declining of their profit. This case can be explained by the component of macro-environment. Focuses on the global forces and technology, the businesses nowadays have been changed dramatically to global business.What I meant by that is, not only do the business in domestically, but also with different nationality partners. It could lead them to think then, if the business has been changed to globally, more people will fly with the airline industry. However, the technology improved day by day tremendously that people who are doing the business do not required to fly. They can do the business by telecommunication, email, live meeting with visual, or etc . This improved technology could be the one reason that decline the passengers typically in categorized in business travelers.Another factor is General economic conditions. Lately, the world economy is experiencing a long recession which affect almost all the businesses not only just the airline industry. Many countries have difficulties with managing their financial status. The relationship between national and global airline industries seems does not too much different. Both U. S national airline industry and global airline industry are suffering from rising fuel cost, global recession, improved technology, safety issues, and etc. The world is connected as big one nation these day.If one failed, all the other parts will be falling apart as well. It’s just a matter of time when it would happen. What does a Five Forces analysis of the industry tell you about competition in the regional airline industry? Which forces tend to be the strongest? The weakest? The five forces analy ses of the airline industries show that it has normally a intense competition which means their profit margin have been thin. Normally, overall impact of the five competitive forces is moderate to weak is good place to expect good profit and a nice return on investment.The strongest forces: The weakest forces: What factors are causing change in the regional airline industry? What is the individual and collective impact of these changes on the regional airline carriers? There are several factors that caused dramatic changes in the regional airline industry. Rising fuel cost is the one factor. Rising fuel cost is not the only issue for the airline industry, but for almost every business on earth. The amount of fuel that we could utilize is limited, but there is no alternative energy source for fuel yet for commonly used.Day by day, the cost of fuel rising, and typically airline industry are suffering from that. The cost of fuel takes parts almost 45% of the whole expense. Therefore, m any airline companies are trying to lower the expense from somewhere other such as give pressure to lower or smaller airline company to reduce their cost or number of departure. The other factor can be the safety matter. After 9-11 tragedy, safety rises above the surface and became one of the main factors for the people who want to fly with airplane.The 9-11 terror affected to the people that stop using the airplane along with the new created government regulations which would cost airline companies to cost even more money. What are the key factors that determine success for companies in the regional airline industry? Make sure that the regional airline industry has enough partnerships with many different major airlines. The more partnership that regional airline have with major airlines, they will be guaranteed with stable income balance. Also, the customer satisfaction is the key factors for the success.Find the way to work with the major airlines that no immediate schedule change , accurate luggage system along with the departure/ arrival time, and safety. What is SkyWest, Inc. ’s strategy? What kind of competitive advantage is it trying to achieve? SkyWest Inc. is well-known airline company with its high customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction factors. Their strategy is keeping the strong factors and be more competitive with acquire more routines by partnership with major airlines other than United and Delta. By getting more partnership with other major airlines, the SkyWest Inc. an gain more routes and connection flight to the major cities which will increase their revenues. What are SkyWest’s competitively important resources and capabilities? What are its resource weaknesses and competitive deficiencies? Its market opportunities? Its external threats? Their important resources are their customer and employee satisfaction with the airline. The potential threat could be the sister companies’ culture. The SkyWest Inc. is nonunio nized airline, but ASA is unionized airline company. If the SkyWest Inc. mployees are unionized, there will be some decline in productivity and cost more money for airlines for each flight. What does an analysis of SkyWest, Inc. ’s financial statements reveal about the company’s performance? The SkyWest Inc. was suffered from 2004 through 2008 with decreased net profit caused by multiple factors such as rising fuel cost, decline on customer satisfaction, and etc. However, the financial statements for 2009 shows hope for the company that it can start pick back up their revenues. The airline is doing its best trying to increase their profit by acquisition and getting more partnership with major airlines.What recommendations would you make to the management of SkyWest, Inc. to strengthen the company’s competitive position and improve its financial performance? In the Service-Provide industry, customer should always be the main focus for the firm. No matter how good their product or cheap their product is, if the customer experienced or had bad impression from the firm, the chances for customers to come back would be very low. Fortunately, SkyWest Inc. is already well known for the good customer satisfaction with good safety standards and the quality of service during the flight.Therefore, the airline should put effort in to maintain what already they are strong and complement the weak points as well. The weak point that the SkyWest Inc. is their dependency to the major airlines. To increase their dependencies, the airline would need more contract with major airlines other than just Delta and United. Also, they need to start thinking in expanding their business internationally. China, Brazil, and other nation’s growth in airlines increase rapidly. Therefore, they need to look more into the international business not limited only for the U. S region.

Strategic Plan Part 1

Strategic Plan: Part 1 Malissa Love-Virgil BUS/475 March 12, 2013 Victor De Jesus Strategic Plan: Part 1, Conceptualizing a Business Little League Scoops mission is to provide the healthiest homemade ice cream at the same time as supporting the youth in the local neighborhood. Little League Scoops offers two free scoops of ice cream to the little league ball players after his or her ball game. Little League Scoops, aside from management, only employs students from the local high school, providing a learning experience for students preparing to leave high school.Organization Vision â€Å"A vision statement is sometimes called a picture of your company in the future but it’s so much more than that. Your vision statement is your inspiration, the framework for all your strategic planning. A vision statement may apply to an entire company or to a single division of that company. Whether for all or part of an organization, the vision statement answers the question, â€Å"Where do we want to go? † What you are doing when creating a vision statement is articulating your dreams and hopes for your business.It reminds you of what you are trying to build† (â€Å"Vision Statement,†Ã‚  2013). At Little League Scoops, we provide homemade superior tasting ice cream while fostering healthy activities in our neighborhood youth. Little League Scoops makes the healthiest homemade ice cream fresh daily for those in the surrounding areas. The primary goal of Little League Scoops, other than to become a sturdy long-term company in a small town, is to promote healthy activities in the children by encouraging them to maintain healthy activities throughout the summer vacation.Little League Scoops believes that by promoting healthy activities in children, we create healthy adults with healthy habits. Keeping children busy instead of setting them in front of video games will aid in lowing childhood obesity as well as laziness. Guiding Values The area that in wh ich Little League Scoops resides is not wealthy in terms of monetary value. Little League Scoops is looking to maintain healthy business long term, but it also wants to foster abundant relationships with the community.Little League Scoops provides competitive prices for homemade healthy ice cream for anyone who is not a little league ball player and free scoops for those who are. Little League Scoops believes it is the responsibility of the organizations within a community to foster good will. Providing incentive for the youth to stay active is how Little League Scoops intends to become a predominate company in the surrounding areas. As the name of the organization grows, surrounding areas will be invited to join in the free scoops program for the little league teams in those townships.Guiding the Organization’s Strategic Direction â€Å"People have different beliefs around what is right, wrong or inconsequential, and so it is critical that company’s build some founda tional beliefs in employees to make sure his or her decisions are in alignment with the organization. A company's mission, vision and values are that foundation. They guide decision making by building common beliefs and understanding among employees.When a strong mission, clear vision and detailed values are implemented, an organization will begin to eliminate personal preference, ensuring that critical decisions are ethically sound and consistent in approach† (â€Å"Decision Making: The 3 Foundations Of Business Decision Making: Mission, Vision, Values,†Ã‚  2013). Little League Scoops mission is to provide the healthiest homemade ice cream at the same time as supporting the youth in the local neighborhood. Little League Scoops believes that by promoting healthy activities in children, we create healthy adults with healthy habits.Combining the mission, the vision, and the values of Little League Scoops, the organization will use these driving forces to maintain the stra tegic direction and become an icon housed within a small community. Addressing Customer Needs and Achieve Competitive Advantage Summertime brings a need for cooling refreshments. Ice cream has forever been a favorite among Americans. â€Å"The U. S. ice cream industry generated total revenues of $10 billion in 2010, with take-home ice cream sales epresenting the largest section of the market, generating revenues of $6. 8 billion or 67. 7 percent of the market’s overall value. Frozen dairy production follows a clear seasonal pattern. Summer is the unchallenged season for eating ice cream and other related products. Production kicks up in March and April to fill retail and foodservice pipelines in the late spring and early summer. June is the highest production month of the year, but production remains strong through August to satisfy summer demand. (â€Å"Ice Cream Sales & Trends†,  2013). Providing the community with delicious and healthy ice cream serves two purpos es. The first purpose is the refreshing coolness of a delicious ice cream. The second purpose is providing healthy ice cream is beneficial to those who like ice cream but are health conscious. Little League Scoops makes all its ice cream fresh each day. Hired to help make and serve all the delicious flavors are high school juniors and seniors looking for job experience prior to leaving high school.Little League Scoops believes that if opportunities are provided for the youth, they will in turn become responsible adults. The competitive advantage that Little League Scoops has over competing ice cream parlors are (1) Providing healthy homemade ice cream, (2) hiring high school students and teaching them how to become responsible workers, (3) providing opportunities for the community’s youth to stay active by rewarding them with free scoops, (4) always keeping the youth as priority. ConclusionOther ice cream parlors may offer a larger array of flavors; however, Little League Sco ops smaller assortment is always freshly homemade. There is no comparison to homemade ice cream at competitive prices. There is no comparison to encouraging the youth to stay fit and active. Providing a healthy refreshing treat after a ball game will keep the children eager to participate in summertime activities, instead of sitting in front of a video game. No price can be placed on the health of the future. Todays’ youth are tomorrow’s leaders.Encouraging them today will show them they can do anything they put their minds to. References Vision Statement. (2013). Retrieved from http://sbinfocanada. about. com/od/businessplanning/g/visionstatement. htm DECISION MAKING: The 3 Foundations of Business Decision Making: Mission, Vision, Values. (2013). Retrieved from http://newdirectionsconsulting. com/4579/blog/the-3-foundations-of-business-decision-making-mission-vision-values-2/ Ice Cream Sales ; Trends. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. idfa. org/news–views/medi a-kits/ice-cream/ice-cream-sales-and-trends/

Women fashion

What kind of clothing did women wear in ass's advertisements? Women use to put on dresses that were limited and perfected Just below the knees, head scarf became more popular. Look today isn't as precise as it was in the ass's. Pattern now days are occasional. Women now wear Jean and pants rather than proper gowns. In the ass's female get into gowns at home typically today female would put on something more offhand and easy. The approach of women replaced now a days in the last 73 years, because of the adjustment to the recession, behavior, and the home.I am going to treasure trove how females have changed from ass's advertisements through today. Fashion has not only given to the approval. In the ass's a change in fashion showed up. The war was up so community initiated growing into fashions that feature the dead soldier who fought in the war. So for memorable moment if a person had battle in a war he'd wear his uniform and his partner would wear a plain office skirt. In the ass's wo men fashion was very different from today. In ass's it was socially acceptable to wear full clothing covering everything.Models in ass's saw females expertly designing a line behind their legs, to give the reaction that stocking were frayed. Fewer material was used to form skirts and Jackets, and so they be turned into shorter. A decade back, what was Make 2 treated as brutally awful like females wearing pants, became a normal act. Nonetheless, the pant favored by females were easy long-term or pants with boots. Heels were still decorated by the females with the spontaneity of slim floor. Swing skirts were enough in interest in those days, with the decorative edition the drawing ruing the fresh ass's fashion.Beauty today is basically had the finest body, ideal hair, refreshing clothes, and perfect clothes. Many females view the advertisements for look and appearance, striving to view and be like the female in the ads because it is what the earth says charm is. An ad for Ban deodoran t, for instance, displays an angular, bright young woman adoring her body in the mirror. This apparently has nothing to do with deodorant, but it give the picture to female that using this deodorant makes you look like her.When glancing at ads in both magazines and television, you can barely usually see an ordinary looking woman. Now a day females are consistently advertised as this ideal person with no responsibility or concern, breathing the imagination life because of what they are wearing. Present-day ordinary females look at 400 to 600 ads per day. Today's fashion model's weigh 23% fewer than the ordinary women. Wistfully for women this is proceeding more and more. Women advance themselves to the Max, and in the end it hurts. Women fashion By Tamaki

I will upload the specific question later on the file Essay - 2

I will upload the specific question later on the file - Essay Example Sociological studies have shown that from the last 40-50 years, America has faced one big issue and that is Racism. Obviously, the intensity and mode in the practice of racism has changed but it has not been eliminated from the society. These changes can be explained with the help of an easy social test or a general survey such as: How many Black head of States have been elected in America compared to White Head of States. When someone gives extra privileges to an African American and treats him different from the others ones that is where racism comes in. The mode of racism has changed from ‘treat them like hell’ to ‘treat them different from others, and be in a good sense so they can feel that they are not one of us and lower than us’. In fact, it cannot be denied that there have been made certain efforts by general public as a whole, including the state, in which this element has been tried to be eliminated by organizing workshops in which people of all races sat together and worked together, by providing black children with equal opportunities to study at schools and by giving races other than whites to progress and flourish in America. For instance let us take the example of the Boston busing desegregation, although, it was a very hard time for the administration and people as a whole when the people of southern Boston turned on the Blacks, but it was an unprecedented effort by the government, not seen before. It was not only the busing desegregation; however, Boston has been the pioneer in making very significant intentions, clear in the riots and protests against the racial unbalanced actions. The children that were brought to southern Boston suffered deep emotional stresses, but they have laid some of the co rner stones in development of the elimination of racial discrimination. The president Ronald Regan, however, had some policies, which may be said to be

Storage Area Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Storage Area Networks - Essay Example The end of this millennium saw the arrival of some of the most extensive network storage management technologies, NAS, SAN and others. A precursor of SAN, Network Attached Storage (NAS) is the term assigned to file servers, comprising one or more internal servers, preconfigured disk capacity with a specialized operating system for storage management. NAS servers become part of the network through traditional LAN configurations, allowing storage capabilities as file servers. In terms of applicability, NAS servers have been designed to fit the needs of hosting data for web applications (Troppens). Since this storage technology has been developed specifically to assist in the sharing of files over networks, NAS provides the following advantages of its predecessors: 1. NAS functions using tailor-made or stripped-down version of the operating system suited to fit the needs of managing storage over networks. ... As compared to storage technologies existent before NAS, it provides functions as snapshots, remote mirroring and backup over Fiber Channel SAN. 3. NAS servers allows for easy-to-use PnP (Troppens) file systems, allowing for greater optimization through removal of all functions not required in file serving, increasing storage capabilities in addition to low installation and maintenance costs. 4. NAS servers are easily scalable to suit the needs of an expanding organization A mere shortfall in NAS is its use of conventional network file systems such as NFS (Troppens) or CIFS in coordination with Internet protocols such as FTP or HTTP. This in turn limits the basic premise of file sharing paradigm, providing powerful performance against I/O intensive application requests. Successor to NAS - Storage Area Networks By definition, a SAN (or Storage Area Network) is "a specialized, high-speed network attaching servers and storage devices" (Tate). This new storage networking technology is so flexible that it eliminates the need for a dedicated connection between a server and a storage device, as well as the "concept that the server effectively owns and manages the storage devices". (Bird) SAN is preferred to a very large extent over other network storage capabilities due to a variety of factors; firstly, almost all traditional methods of handling high level of storage, accessibility and availability of sensitive and operational data have failed in wake of increasing requirements for fast and efficient transfers. Secondly, in comparison to a client / server model that supports server-centric data management operations, SAN facilitates the organization with a data-centric model making it possible to transfer large amounts of data without being dependent of the server. It

You can write the title Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can write the title - Assignment Example The company is a company that is useful in the bringing together of labor, business, governments, residents, and to improve lives for individuals. 1. Context- that should be the general layout of the website including visual design. The website for United Way Company is one that is easy to navigate and the color scheme for the website is appropriate for its marketing design. The website is readable because it has some white space that has wordings that can be easily read by the people visiting the website. I would rate the company’s website at 9/ 10 because I have a definite way of navigating the website and the context is understandable. 2. Commerce- The website is safe because it is meant for commercial purposes. A website that is safe is one that cannot pass information about person transacting in the website to people that do not have authorization. It would be appropriate for a company to encrypt its website so that it can become safer to use. I would rate the website at 5/10 because it has no clear security system. 3. Connection- this is the ability of a site to link with other sites. The content should be in such a way that it can be retained or can be used as a path out of the site. For united way, I did not spot such a link and I think that the company should work on that. I would rate the website at 2/10 because there are no connection links. 4. Communication- Communication is a component in which the company is able to communicate to its customers. That is done by the customers signing up for offers that may include surveys and newsletters. United Way Company’s website has a way of communicating with customers because it shows any future events or news that may be useful to the customers. I would rate the website at 8/10 because the company communicates about its future events. 5. Content- This usually includes the sound, graphics, or texts that have been used in the website. The company that

Students With Disabilities Are Not Meeting the State Mandated Essay

Students With Disabilities Are Not Meeting the State Mandated Requirements. The Disability Achievement Gap - Essay Example States should ensure that the school systems have in place reasonable accommodation that addresses the needs of children with disabilities. Evidently, children with disabilities require support provided by the entire school system if they are to benefit from education. In addition, individualization of the support cannot be underestimated because it is required to ensure maximized learning. In the United States, the No Child left Behind Act of 2001 was passed in an effort to ensure that all children including those with disabilities have access to quality education. Each state and county  are  required to develop education policies that conform to the act. However, there is evidence that these efforts have not filled in the disability achievement gap. This paper will discuss how students with disabilities are still left behind in the education sector. The No Child left Behind Act of 2001 was developed to address barriers that had been identified that served to prevent children with disabilities from accessing education opportunities. Before the act was passed, many states did not have any specific policies regarding the education of children with disabilities (Colker, 2013). Although some states had some policies, they proved to be outdated and ineffective to address the existing barriers of educating children with disabilities. Many of the school systems did not provide any support services for children with disabilities. There was a social stigma associated with disability, which affected the learning process for children with disabilities. Since disability and poverty are interlinked, many children with disabilities, and from poor backgrounds were the worst affected by the barriers to education. Notably, school budgets did not allow the schools to invest in facilities that could offer children with disabilities the relevant su pport in the education system (Shriner & Ganguly, 2007). Worst still,

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD Essay

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD - Essay Example Muslims have ruled in different parts of the world beginning from 622 A.D. till the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the 1920s. During this long period of rule, Islamic art has gone through various changes rising and falling with the rise and fall of the different empires. Islam is a liberal religion and likewise it allows freedom to its followers within the limits of religion. Keeping this in mind the Islamic art has flourished in different periods and has been able to prove its identity in all aspects. However there has been a controversy regarding the use of figures in Islamic art and architecture. In this paper I would like to review the history of figural representation in Islamic art. Later I would like to comment on the use of figures in art and architecture from the Islamic point of view. The first examples of Islamic art appear in the period of the Caliph Umer where the amalgamation of classical and Iranian motifs and themes became prominent. The Dome of the rock in Jerusalem is a prominent example in this regard. The Dome reflects an amalgamation of the Greco-Roman, Byzantine and the Sasanian art. Islamic art emerged during the period of the Caliph Umer (661-750). This period is often considered as the formative period in the history of Islamic art (The Nature of Islamic Art, n.d.). Figural imagery was found in the Umayad palaces of the inland Levant such as Mushatta and the Khirbat al Mafjar (Allen, 1988). With the spread of Islam in different parts of the world, Islamic art continued to flourish under different influences. Despite the fact that Islamic art came under different changes due to different influences in different periods, the unique thing about it is that it has been able to maintain its individuality and identity. The most salient features of Islamic art are Calligraphy is regarded as the highest form of Islamic art. It is the art of writing Quranic verses in different

Strategy Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Strategy Implementation - Essay Example We need to shift with it and we implement every strategy with result-oriented mindset" (Ambrosini, pp. 123-126). McConnon (pp. 46-51) mentions that Intel recognizes the need for continually analyzing and reviewing its strategies in order to meet the changes and challenges that come from the external environments so as to meet the stakeholders' expectations. Intel strives for business renewal and revitalization as a way of dealing effectively with the impact of the information society on today's dynamic industry. This paper discusses Strategy Implementation in the context of the case study of Intel in a concise and comprehensive way. Intel is an innovation-driven organization that strongly believes that competitive advantage can be achieved by choosing the right option at the right time so as to create value to Intel's key stakeholders: its customers. To achieve this Intel uses the following key drivers: According to Edwards (pp. 46-47) due to Intel's successful early days into the semiconductor industry, Intel established itself as one of the leading brands in the hi-tech sector. Intel managed to create and develop such an established and well recognized brand by being able to launch new products as well as being able to reinvent itself (e.g. moving from semiconductor memories to microprocessors). In other words, management created a dynamic internal environment where people were encouraged to accept 'change' as part of Intel's corporate culture. This was achieved through designing a matrix structure that favored and facilitated the flow of information and knowledge across the organization. Intel managed to create an internal environment that requires employees to deal with challenging corporate goals (i.e. result orientated) and beliefs (i.e. attention to details/quality, professionalism, etc) in a team-based and open-minded workplace. Given the dynamic industry Intel is operating in, innovation can be obtained through investing heavily in Research and Development (R&D). All the above-mentioned strengths may only feature in an organization that has great managerial vision; in other words, Intel's management was able to analyze the changing patterns of the industry, make choices (see the "buying options") and implement them quickly (i.e. strategic flexibility) in order to achieve competitiveness. Finally, another major strength may be identified: Intel believes that listening to its customers and working close with its business partners is a pivotal factor in the search for competitive advantage and, indeed, corporate success (Einhorn, pp. 52-53). Culture was of great importance to Intel. The 2-in-a-box management philosophy enabled top management to form a complementary and well-balanced team by combining philosophical and pragmatic skills. The 2-in-a-box philosophy reflects Intel's culture: it requires both strong personalities (egos) and teamwork (a philosophical dichotomy). Intel's culture is focused on being aggressive and direct, as suggested by Bob Noyce (1988) "people get respected or get ahead because of their abilities, not their position. You can always tell the boss he's wrong". Being a knowledge-based

Nintendo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nintendo - Essay Example Nintendo’s mission statement clearly reflects the company’s core purpose, its identity, values and, to a large extent, the company’s main business aims. Nintendo’s vision is expanding its market by creating innovative products that would appeal strongly to the larger gaming population. Through its vision, for example, the company has been able to produce smaller consoles that are not only cheaper, but also easier to use.2 Nintendo’s decision to create smaller consoles boosted its sales and effectively edged out its main competitors i.e. Microsoft’s Xbox 360 and Sony’s play station 3. In addition, while Nintendo’s competitors rushed to creating more powerful and high definition consoles, the company opted to stick with the standard resolution hardware. Instead Nintendo focused its energies to creating a console that would appeal even to non-gamers population. Nintendo’s strategy is to tailor its products according to the needs of its target segments, and one way of achieving the same is being different. The company, for instance, has been able to produce portable gaming into the market effectively challenging Sony’s PlayStation Portable. Nintendo’s Wii that came with improved features, for example, was produced in order to counter Microsoft’s Xbox 360 and help extend Nintendo’s prestige. Nintendo Company has the following strategies in the gaming industry. Following Nintendo’s many years of operation in the gaming industry, the company has gained enormous experience. As a result, the company can use cost advantage through analysis of its cost drivers such as backward integration. While the company’s competitors develop their games using their facilities, Nintendo uses off-the-shelf parts from different suppliers. Rather than produce own chip, Nintendo acquires the same from a supplier and at a cheaper cost. As a result, Nintendo was able to introduce the Wii at a relatively low cost compared to Sony’s PS3

Violent Sports should be Banned Essay Example for Free

Violent Sports should be Banned Essay To start with, Sports is basically an activity done for pleasure, which needs physical effort and skill. Some people, who dedicate themselves to this activity, consider it as a passion to compete against others in their skill, ability and spirit. Sports also help in inculcating a certain discipline as well as the spirit of brotherhood or the ‘team spirit’ in the sports persons. Sports ideally are not meant to do anything with violence. Sports for some is a mode of attaining fame, for some it is their job. Some do it as their hunger to compete and win, while the others take it as an enjoyment to watch. But, in today’s scenario, the sports that include aggressive activities are gaining more popularity, as they present much a way of entertainment to the spectators. Since the youth are more volatile by nature they enjoy these ‘violent sports’ such as boxing, kick boxing, wrestling etc. Today’s Young generation does not make an effort to know the grave dangers that these sports put. The dangers that these sports cause are susceptibility to major accidents that may even prove to be even worse than fatal. The injuries which may be for lifetime may be a cause of greater torture and helplessness than death itself. Certain instances in the past, such as the accident of Fred Guirrero and ‘Umaga’ because of accidents during the match have resulted in their death in the arena themselves. Also, these violent sports are responsible for major injuries to the sportspersons, such as rupture of the spine, brain haemorrhage, excessive blood loss, irregular clotting etc. Not only the sportspersons are affected by these kinds of sports, but also, the viewers get an indirect impact on them. Young children as well as adults, try to imitate the actions that take place in these sports. Statistics say that almost 15000 deaths take place annually in the USA because of people imitating the sportspersons of boxing, wrestling, sword fighting etc. Repeated watching of such sports unconsciously affects the very psyche of the young which ultimately reflect in their behaviour in their social environment. One of the major causes of ‘road rage’, shooting spree by teenagers in their own schools and colleges, acts of suicide, involvement in murders, loots etc, are the consequences of being in constant influence these ‘violent sports’ and other such activities. What is the logic behind sportspersons indulging themselves in such inhuman activities and the viewers watching blood smeared sportsmen in  the ring with broken limbs? It seems greed of money is prompting certain people to participate in such type of violent activity. Also, it is very contradictory to the spirit of sports that they spread violence and suffering instead of providing pleasure and joy. So in my opinion I strongly refute the proposition of those who argue in support of the continuation of such ‘violent sports’. They should be allowed neither to continue on human as well as moral grounds.

Principles and Practices of Management Essay Example for Free

Principles and Practices of Management Essay Planning is the determination of the course of the objectives of a business, division or department to achieve maximum profit effectiveness, the establishment of policies and the continuous seeking and finding of new ways to do things. Implementing applies to the doing phases. After plans have been prepared, personnel must be selected and assigned their jobs; they must be trained and motivated to perform properly. Activities must be implemented in terms of the plans initially developed. This may include I. Selecting personnel II. Training personnel III. Motivating personnel IV. Delegation, V. Direction VI. Coordinating. Controlling refers to the evaluation of the performance of those who are responsible for executing the plans agreed upon. This may include: I. Controlling adherence to plans, and II. Appraising performance 2. Principles of Management Fayol has given fourteen principles of management. These principles are as fallows 1. Division of work: Fayol has advocated division of work to take the advantage of specialization. According to him, ‘specialization belongs to the natural order. The worker always works on the same matters, the manager concerned always with the same matters; acquire an ability, sureness, and accuracy, which increase their output’. Each change of work brings in it training and adaptation, which reduces output. Thus, division of work can be applied at all levels in the organization. However, he has recognized the limitations of division of work and has advocated that experience and sense of proportion will decide the extent to which division of work can be utilized fruitfully. 2. Authority and Responsibility: The authority and responsibility are related, with the latter the corollary of the former and arising from the former. He finds authority as a continuation of official and personnel factors. Official authority is derived from the manager’s position and personal authority is derived from intelligence, experience, moral worth, past services, etc. Responsibility arises out of assigning the work. 3. Discipline: All the personnel serving in the organization should be disciplined. Discipline is obedience, application, energy, behavior, and outward mark of respect shown by employees. Discipline can be classified into two types: self-imposed discipline and command discipline. The former springs form within the individual and are in the nature of spontaneous response to a skillful leader. Command discipline stems from a recognized authority and utilizes deterrents to secure compliance with a desired action, which is expressed by established customs, rules, and regulations. The ultimate strength of command discipline lies in its certainty of application. 4. Unity of command: Unity of command means a person in the organization should receive orders from only one superior. The more completely an individual has a reporting relationship to a single superior, the less the problem of conflict in instructions and the greater the feeling of personal responsibility for results. The principle of unity of command Is useful in the clarification of authority-responsibility relationship. 5. Unity of Direction Unity of direction means ‘one unit and one plan’. According to this principle, each group of activities with same objectives with same objective must have one head and one plan. The unity of direction is different from unity of command in the sense that former is concerned with the functioning of body corporate; the latter is concerned with personnel at all level. Unity of direction is provided for by sound organization of the body corporate, unity of command turn on the functioning of the personnel. Unity of command exists without unity of direction, but does not flow from it. 6. Subordination of individual to general interest: Command interest is above the individual interest and when there is conflict between these two, the common interest must prevail. However, factors like ambition, laziness, weakness etc. tend to reduce the importance of general interest. 7. Remuneration of Personnel: Remuneration and methods of payment should be fair and provide maximum possible satisfaction to employees and employers. 8. Centralization: Everything, which goes to increase the importance of the subordinate’s role, is decentralization; everything, which goes to reduce it, is centralization. Without using the term ‘centralization of authority’. This pattern is determined by individual circumstances and should be based on optimum utilization of all faculties of the personnel. 9. Scalar Chain: There should be a scalar chain of authority and communication ranging from the highest to lowest positions. It suggests that each communication going up or coming down must flow through each position in the line of authority. It can be short-circuited only in special circumstances when its rigid following would be determined to the organization. For this purpose, Fayol has suggested ‘gang palnk’ , which is used to prevent the scalar chain from bogging down action. 10. Order: Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity: In running a business a combination of kindliness and justice is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them. An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative: Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of personnel vanity on the part of many managers. 14. Espirt de Corps: Management must foster the morale of its employees. â€Å"Real talent is needed the coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person’s abilities and reward each one’s merit without arousing possible jealousness and disturbing harmonious relations†. Techniques of Effective Coordination The basic objective of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of others. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination: Coordination by Chain of Command: In an organization, the chain of command is the most important methods of coordination. Superior, because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration coordination is achieved. Coordination by Leadership: Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identified of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practice leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. In fact, whatever is necessary for effective leadership is also required for coordination. Coordination by Effective Communication: Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals or groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsibility, and relationship with others. Thus, effective communication provides horizontal as well as vertical coordination if there is free and adequate flow of communication in all directions.-horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which effects flow of messages adversely. Coordination by Committees: Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and others make recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. Coordination by General Staff: Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for  coordination. This staff employs a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments’ only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge, is able to assess the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus, the coordination is achieved by supplying inter-departmental information. Special Coordinators: In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some special activities. For example, in a particular project, along with various functionaries, a project coordinator is appointed. His basic function is to coordinate various activities of the project and to keep information about the development of project so that he can provide it to the party concerned for which the project Is being completed. Such projects are generally taken on contract basis which are to be completed within the specified time. Self-coordination: This principles states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However, this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other departments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related departments. However, this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings, and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control. Features of an Open Door Organization 1) An open door organization is task oriented. The accountability is clearly defined. 2) The authority (within the related functional area) is also absolute (or nearly so) matching the absolute character of the accountability. 3) Consultations are minimum and are not compulsive; the executive is free to consult and communicate (or otherwise) so long as he performs and delivers the objective. 4) Rules and procedures exist but only as guides-the executives (within their sphere of responsibilities)  having wide freedom of discretion to depart from the rules within the periphery of the broad corporate policies. 5) The accountability is clear-cut; objective is verifiable – in terms of cost, output target, time and profit. The means are (relatively) unimportant so long as the end is achieved. 6) The managerial behavior is highly flexible bending with lithe suppleness to the internal shifts in conditions and external maneuvers of the environmental zone of contract.